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Crystals with various point group symmetries belong to different crystal classes, which are synonymous terms. Despite being in the same class, crystals may have distinct shapes, like cubes and octahedra. There are 32 three-dimensional point groups, all of which are systematically divided into seven crystal systems.The basic cubic crystal system, exemplified by NaCl, features orthogonal vectors (α = β = �� = 90°) of equal lengths (a = b = c). When specific...
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Solids in which the atoms, ions, or molecules are arranged in a definite repeating pattern are known as crystalline solids. Metals and ionic compounds typically form ordered, crystalline solids. A crystalline solid has a precise melting temperature because each atom or molecule of the same type is held in place with the same forces or energy. Amorphous solids or non-crystalline solids (or, sometimes, glasses) which lack an ordered internal structure and are randomly arranged. Substances that...
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The structure of a crystalline solid, whether a metal or not, is best described by considering its simplest repeating unit, which is referred to as its unit cell. The unit cell consists of lattice points that represent the locations of atoms or ions. The entire structure then consists of this unit cell repeating in three dimensions. The three different types of unit cells present in the cubic lattice are illustrated in Figure 1.
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Crystallographic point groups represent the various symmetry operations that can occur within crystals. They are unique in that at least one point will always remain unchanged during these actions. For instance, consider the triclinic system. This system, devoid of any axis or plane of symmetry, aligns with the C1 and Ci point groups.where Cᵢ is characterized solely by a center of inversion.Contrastingly, the monoclinic system introduces an element of symmetry. This system with one plane...
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Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
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Updated: Apr 5, 2026

Construction and Systematical Symmetric Studies of a Series of Supramolecular Clusters with Binary or Ternary Ammonium Triphenylacetates
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Controlling Orientational Order in 1-D Assemblies of Multivalent Triangular Prisms.

Kevin L Kohlstedt1, Monica Olvera de la Cruz1, George C Schatz1

  • 1†Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.

The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters
|August 21, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed a design rule for self-assembling gold nanoprisms into ordered arrays using DNA. The study reveals how DNA length and prism shape control assembly order and melting behavior.

Keywords:
DNA-Au monolayeranisotropic nanostructurescoarse-grained modelmolecular dynamicsself-assemblysuperlattices

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Area of Science:

  • Supramolecular chemistry
  • Nanotechnology
  • Materials science

Background:

  • Multivalent nanostructures are key in supramolecular self-assembly.
  • Understanding shape's role in assembly coordination is vital for material function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish a design rule for assembling multivalent gold triangular nanoprisms into 1D ordered arrays.
  • To investigate the influence of DNA length and prism aspect ratio on assembly order.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized molecular dynamics (MD) simulations.
  • Developed an order parameter to quantify short-range orientational order.
  • Analyzed the effect of design parameters on assembly and melting.

Main Results:

  • A design rule was established for 1D ordered arrays of gold nanoprisms.
  • Short DNA chains (N=4) resulted in high orientational order.
  • Order was lost when DNA length approached prism length.
  • Melting occurred in discrete steps, with prisms dissociating from arrays.

Conclusions:

  • Design parameters (DNA length, prism aspect ratio) effectively control nanoprism assembly.
  • The study provides insights into the self-assembly of anisotropic nanostructures.
  • Findings are crucial for designing functional supramolecular materials.