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Related Experiment Video

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Comparing the Effects of Electronic Cigarette Vapor and Cigarette Smoke in a Novel In Vivo Exposure System
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Effect of e-Cigarette Use on Cough Reflex Sensitivity.

Peter V Dicpinigaitis1, Alfredo Lee Chang1, Alis J Dicpinigaitis1

  • 1Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY; Department of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY.

Chest
|August 21, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Electronic cigarette (e-cig) use temporarily reduces cough reflex sensitivity, with nicotine identified as the primary cause. This effect, observed after a single e-cig session, suggests a dual action of nicotine on the cough reflex.

Keywords:
capsaicincoughelectronic cigarettenicotine

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Area of Science:

  • Respiratory Physiology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Electronic cigarettes (e-cigs) are increasingly popular, but their physiological effects are not well understood.
  • Limited data exists on the impact of e-cig use on the human cough reflex.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the acute effects of electronic cigarette (e-cig) vapor exposure on cough reflex sensitivity in healthy non-smokers.
  • To determine if nicotine is the component responsible for any observed changes in cough reflex sensitivity.

Main Methods:

  • Thirty healthy non-smokers underwent capsaicin cough challenge tests at baseline, 15 minutes, and 24 hours post-e-cig exposure.
  • Cough reflex sensitivity was assessed by the concentration of capsaicin required to induce five or more coughs (C5).
  • A subgroup (n=8) repeated the protocol using a non-nicotine e-cig to isolate the effect of nicotine.

Main Results:

  • Single e-cig exposure significantly inhibited cough reflex sensitivity (increased C5) at 15 minutes post-exposure (P < .0001).
  • Cough reflex sensitivity returned to baseline levels by 24 hours post-exposure (P = .0002 vs. 15-min value).
  • The observed inhibition was significantly less pronounced after exposure to a non-nicotine e-cig (P = .0078), and nicotine-containing e-cigs induced more coughing (P = .0156).

Conclusions:

  • A single session of e-cig use, comparable to one tobacco cigarette in nicotine exposure, significantly inhibits cough reflex sensitivity.
  • Exploratory analysis indicates that nicotine is the likely mediator of this antitussive effect.
  • Nicotine appears to exert a dual action on the cough reflex: an immediate peripheral protussive effect and a delayed central antitussive effect.