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Related Concept Videos

Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Pharmaceutical Parameters01:28

Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Pharmaceutical Parameters

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Solid dosage forms such as tablets and capsules undergo rigorous manufacturing processes to ensure stability and effectiveness. Their dissolution and absorption properties are influenced significantly by the choice of excipients (inactive ingredients that serve various roles in the formulation), and the methodology applied during production. The manufacturing parameters, such as compression force and granulation techniques, significantly affect dissolution rates. Elevated compression forces...
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Biopharmaceutical Factors Influencing Drug Product Design: Overview01:22

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Rational drug product design integrates knowledge of the drug’s physicochemical properties, formulation components, manufacturing techniques, and intended route of administration. Each factor influences the drug’s performance, including how it is released, absorbed, and eliminated in the body.The physicochemical properties of a drug—such as solubility, stability, and particle size—affect its compatibility with excipients and the choice of dosage form. Excipients, though...
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Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Physicochemical Parameters01:22

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The physicochemical characteristics of drugs play a crucial role in formulating stable and bioavailable drug products. The solubility of a drug, governed by the varying pH along the GI tract and its dissociation constant (pKa), is pivotal in determining its ionization state and absorption rate. Notably, weak acids and bases remain unionized and are absorbed more rapidly.
Enhanced drug absorption can be achieved by reducing particle sizes and increasing surface areas, thereby facilitating...
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Factors Affecting Dissolution: Drug pKa, Lipophilicity and GI pH01:21

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Drug absorption within the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is a complex process influenced by several critical factors, including the site pH, the drug's dissociation constant (pKa), and the drug's lipophilicity. The GI tract exhibits a pH gradient, with an acidic environment in the stomach and a more alkaline environment in the small intestine. This pH variation directly affects the ionization state of drugs.
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Bioavailability Enhancement: Drug Solubility Enhancement01:16

Bioavailability Enhancement: Drug Solubility Enhancement

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Bioavailability is a critical factor in determining a drug's effectiveness. It refers to the proportion of a drug that enters the circulation when introduced into the body and is, as a result, able to have an active effect. Enhancing bioavailability is essential for drugs with poor solubility, as it can significantly impact their therapeutic efficacy. Various methods are employed to increase the solubility of drugs, thereby enhancing their bioavailability.Micronization and nanonization are...
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Bioavailability Enhancement: Drug Permeability Enhancement01:27

Bioavailability Enhancement: Drug Permeability Enhancement

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After oral administration, poor permeability often limits the rate at which drugs are absorbed through the intestinal epithelium. Enhancing drug permeability is crucial for effective therapy, and several strategies have been developed to overcome this challenge.One effective strategy involves the use of lipid-based formulations. These formulations enhance dissolution and solubility, targeting physiological mechanisms to increase drug absorption. This includes stimulating bile salt secretion,...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 5, 2026

Formulating and Characterizing Lipid Nanoparticles for Gene Delivery using a Microfluidic Mixing Platform
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Physical-Chemical Characterization and Formulation Considerations for Solid Lipid Nanoparticles.

Harsh Chauhan1, Sarat Mohapatra2, Daniel J Munt1

  • 1School of Pharmacy and Health Professions, Creighton University, 2500 California Plaza, Hixson-Lied Science Bldg, #109, Omaha, Nebraska, 68178, USA.

AAPS Pharmscitech
|August 22, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Pure glyceryl mono-oleate (GMO) crystallization behavior was studied using modulated differential scanning calorimetry. Polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) was found to inhibit GMO crystallization, preventing particle size increase in solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) during lyophilization.

Keywords:
DSCGMOaggregationcharacterizationcrystallizationlipidslyophilizationpolymerspolymorphismsolid lipid nanoparticlesthermal analysis

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A Package of Established Analytical Tools to Investigate the Solid-State Alteration of Lipid-Based Excipients
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Area of Science:

  • Pharmaceutical Sciences
  • Materials Science
  • Physical Chemistry

Background:

  • Glyceryl mono-oleate (GMO) is a key lipid excipient used in nanoparticle formulations.
  • Understanding GMO's crystallization behavior is crucial for developing stable solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN).
  • Variations in GMO grades can impact formulation performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize pure and commercial GMO batches using advanced physical techniques.
  • To investigate the impact of various additives on GMO crystallization.
  • To evaluate the role of crystallization inhibitors in stabilizing GMO-chitosan nanoparticles during lyophilization.

Main Methods:

  • Modulated differential scanning calorimetry (MDSC) for thermal analysis.
  • Cryo-microscopy and cryo-X-ray powder diffraction for structural elucidation.
  • Preparation of GMO-chitosan nanoparticles via ultrasonication.

Main Results:

  • Pure GMO exhibits distinct exothermic and endothermic transitions, indicative of its melting and crystallization points.
  • Different GMO grades show significant variations in thermal transitions compared to pure GMO.
  • Polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) effectively inhibited GMO crystallization and prevented particle size increase in lyophilized SLN.

Conclusions:

  • Extensive physical-chemical characterization of GMO is essential for successful SLN formulation.
  • PVP acts as an effective crystallization inhibitor for GMO, improving SLN stability.
  • The findings provide valuable insights for optimizing nanoparticle formulations containing GMO.