A basic model for training of microscopic and endoscopic transsphenoidal pituitary surgery: the Egghead

Area of Science:

• Neurosurgery
• Medical Education
• Surgical Simulation

Background:

• Transsphenoidal endoscopic surgery is increasingly standard for pituitary adenoma resection.
• Neurosurgical residents often lack sufficient endoscopic experience before specialized training.
• A novel, affordable training method was developed to address this gap.

Purpose of the Study:

• To introduce and validate the Egghead model for basic endoscopic and microscopic surgical training.
• To provide a platform for repetitive practice of transsphenoidal procedures.
• To enhance the acquisition of essential surgical skills for pituitary adenoma resection.

Main Methods:

• A patented 3D synthetic model (Egghead) of the nasal cavity and sphenoid sinus was created.
• A boiled egg simulated the sella, with the yolk representing the tumor.
• 17 neurosurgical residents and 2 experts performed simulated pituitary resections using endoscopic and microscopic visualization.

Main Results:

• The Egghead model enabled repetitive training for yolk resection while preserving the egg white.
• Endoscopic techniques demonstrated a steeper learning curve compared to microscopic techniques.
• Surgical resection quality improved with endoscopic methods after three repetitions.

Conclusions:

• The Egghead model is a cost-effective, tactile training tool for pituitary surgery.
• It allows for unlimited repetitions, crucial for basic surgical skill development.
• The model provides valuable endoscopic training opportunities for neurosurgical residents.