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ASTROPHYSICS. Atom-interferometry constraints on dark energy.

P Hamilton1, M Jaffe1, P Haslinger1

  • 1Department of Physics, 366 Le Conte Hall MS 7300, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Scientists tested dark energy theories using a cesium atom interferometer. This experiment constrained chameleon fields and other fifth force theories, potentially reconciling cosmic acceleration with gravity tests.

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Area of Science:

  • Cosmology and astrophysics
  • Fundamental physics
  • Experimental gravity

Background:

  • Dark energy drives the universe's accelerated expansion.
  • A light scalar field as dark energy could manifest as a detectable
  • fifth force
  • potentially conflicting with precision gravity tests.
  • Screening mechanisms, like those in chameleon theories, suppress these forces in high-density environments, evading laboratory detection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To constrain dark energy theories, specifically those involving light scalar fields and screening mechanisms.
  • To test for the presence of a
  • fifth force
  • predicted by some dark energy models.
  • To investigate the viability of chameleon fields and similar theories that explain cosmic acceleration while respecting laboratory gravity constraints.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a cesium matter-wave interferometer in an ultrahigh-vacuum chamber.
  • Probed for a fifth force by positioning a spherical mass near the interferometer.
  • Reduced the effectiveness of screening mechanisms by using individual atoms instead of bulk matter for detection.

Main Results:

  • Constrained a broad range of dark energy theories, including chameleon and other fifth force models.
  • Provided new limits on the strength and range of potential fifth forces.
  • Demonstrated a novel experimental approach to probe weakly interacting fields.

Conclusions:

  • The experiment successfully tested and constrained specific classes of dark energy models.
  • The findings suggest that fifth forces, if present, are significantly suppressed in laboratory settings.
  • The study advances our ability to test fundamental physics theories linking cosmology and gravity.