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Related Concept Videos

Pharmacokinetic–Pharmacodynamic Relationship: Problems01:24

Pharmacokinetic–Pharmacodynamic Relationship: Problems

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The empirical approach to drug therapy optimization relies on correlating pharmacological response with administered dosage. Such an approach can be costly, time-consuming, and often yields poor correlation due to variables like formulation factors and drug elimination characteristics. A more precise approach correlates response with plasma drug concentration or the amount of drug in the body, rather than dosage. This is achieved through pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) modeling, which...
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Dosage Regimen: Individualization01:24

Dosage Regimen: Individualization

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Individualization in dosing regimens is the customization of medication doses for individual patients. Its necessity arises from the goal of maximizing therapeutic benefits while minimizing risks. This approach is pivotal because human responses to drugs can vary widely; what is effective for one person may be inadequate or excessive for another. Interpatient (intersubject) variability refers to differences in drug responses between individuals, while intrapatient (intrasubject) variability...
292
Dosage Regimens: Partial Pharmacokinetic Parameters01:01

Dosage Regimens: Partial Pharmacokinetic Parameters

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It is not uncommon for complete drug pharmacokinetic profiles to remain elusive in pharmacokinetics. This necessitates certain educated assumptions by pharmacokineticists to determine appropriate dosage regimens without comprehensive pharmacokinetic data from animal or human studies. One prevalent assumption is setting the bioavailability factor, denoted as F, to 1 or 100%. This assumption caters to the scenario where a drug doesn't achieve full systemic absorption, resulting in the patient...
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Dosage Regimens: Designs and Approaches01:28

Dosage Regimens: Designs and Approaches

474
Designing a dosage regimen, which refers to the manner of drug administration, is a complex process involving the selection of drug dose, route, and frequency. This process is underpinned by pharmacokinetic parameters derived from tests and population averages. These parameters are then tailored to patient-specific variables such as diagnosis, demographics, and allergy status. Once therapy commences, therapeutic response monitoring is critical and achieved through clinical and physical...
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Pharmacogenetic Phenotypes: Alterations in Pharmacokinetics, Drug Targets and Biologic Milieu01:29

Pharmacogenetic Phenotypes: Alterations in Pharmacokinetics, Drug Targets and Biologic Milieu

112
Genetic variations significantly influence drug response through pharmacokinetics, receptor interactions, and biologic milieu modifications. Pharmacokinetic alterations impact drug metabolism and clearance, affecting efficacy and toxicity. Variants in drug-metabolizing enzymes, such as CYP2C9 and CYP2C19, alter drug activation and elimination. For example, CYP2C9 loss-of-function variants require lower warfarin doses to prevent excessive bleeding, while CYP2C19 variants reduce clopidogrel...
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Nonlinear Pharmacokinetics: Overview01:19

Nonlinear Pharmacokinetics: Overview

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Nonlinear or dose-dependent pharmacokinetics is a phenomenon that occurs when the pharmacokinetic parameters of certain drugs deviate from linear pharmacokinetics at higher doses. These drugs do not follow the expected first-order kinetics, where the rate of drug elimination is directly proportional to the drug concentration. Instead, they exhibit a nonlinear relationship, which can be attributed to several factors.
Nonlinearity can arise due to the saturation of plasma protein-binding or...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 5, 2026

Sample Extraction and Simultaneous Chromatographic Quantitation of Doxorubicin and Mitomycin C Following Drug Combination Delivery in Nanoparticles to Tumor-bearing Mice
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Personalizing chemotherapy dosing using pharmacological methods.

Jai N Patel1, Apostolos Papachristos2

  • 1Department of Cancer Pharmacology, Levine Cancer Institute, Carolinas HealthCare System, 1021 Morehead Medical Drive, Charlotte, NC, 28204, USA. jai.patel@carolinashealthcare.org.

Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology
|August 24, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Personalizing chemotherapy with pharmacogenomics and pharmacokinetics improves drug exposure and reduces toxicity. This approach optimizes anticancer drug dosing for better patient outcomes and quality of life.

Keywords:
ChemotherapyDosingPersonalizePharmacogenomicPharmacokineticPharmacology

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Pharmacology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Traditional chemotherapy has a narrow therapeutic index and significant toxicity.
  • Optimizing chemotherapy dosing is critical for improving patient outcomes and quality of life.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review clinical data on pharmacogenomic and pharmacokinetic-guided anticancer drug dosing.
  • To identify chemotherapeutic agents suitable for personalized therapy.

Main Methods:

  • Literature search of PubMed, ASCO, and AACR abstracts up to July 2015.
  • Focused on clinical data for pharmacogenomic and/or pharmacokinetic-guided dosing of anticancer drugs.

Main Results:

  • Identified several chemotherapeutic agents for personalized dosing.
  • Highlighted data, validity, and utility for tamoxifen, 5-fluorouracil, mercaptopurine, irinotecan (pharmacogenomics), and 5-fluorouracil, busulfan, methotrexate, taxanes, topotecan (pharmacokinetics).

Conclusions:

  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate the role of pharmacologic methods in personalizing chemotherapy.
  • Clinicians should be aware of the clinical utility of pharmacogenomic and pharmacokinetic-guided therapies for optimal patient dosing.