Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 5, 2026

Author Spotlight: Exploring the Long-Term Health Impacts of Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection on Offspring
06:11

Author Spotlight: Exploring the Long-Term Health Impacts of Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection on Offspring

Published on: May 17, 2024

1.3K

Caesarean section per se does not increase the risk of offspring developing type 1 diabetes: a Swedish

Ulf Samuelsson1, Nina Lindell2, Marie Bladh3

  • 1Department of Paediatrics and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, S-581 85, Linköping, Sweden. ulf.samuelsson@regionostergotland.se.

Diabetologia
|August 24, 2015
PubMed

Insights

Caesarean section (CS) delivery does not increase the risk of type 1 diabetes in children. However, maternal diabetes is a significant risk factor for childhood type 1 diabetes.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Endocrinology
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Conflicting evidence exists regarding the association between Caesarean section (CS) and the risk of developing type 1 diabetes.
  • Understanding this relationship is crucial for public health initiatives and parental counseling.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between birth by Caesarean section (CS) and the subsequent risk of developing type 1 diabetes in childhood.
  • To determine if maternal diabetes influences the risk of type 1 diabetes in offspring born via CS.

Main Methods:

  • A case-control study utilizing the Swedish Paediatric Quality Register.
  • Matched 9,376 children diagnosed with type 1 diabetes (2000-2012) with four controls based on birth year, day, sex, and county.
  • Logistic regression analysis adjusted for maternal age, maternal diabetes, and pre-pregnancy BMI.

Main Results:

  • Overall, 13.5% of deliveries were by CS. Children who developed type 1 diabetes had a slightly higher CS rate (14.7%) compared to controls (13.3%) (p < 0.001).
  • After adjusting for confounders, CS delivery showed no increased risk (OR 1.0) for type 1 diabetes in children of mothers without diabetes.
  • Maternal diabetes was a strong predictor of childhood type 1 diabetes (OR 3.4), with type 1 diabetes in the mother conferring the highest risk (OR 7.54).

Conclusions:

  • Caesarean section (CS) delivery does not independently influence the risk of developing type 1 diabetes in childhood or adolescence.
  • Maternal diabetes is a significant risk factor for type 1 diabetes in offspring.
  • The findings highlight the importance of maternal health in the context of offspring's risk for type 1 diabetes.
Abstract

Keywords:
Caesarean sectionEpidemiologyPregnancySexType 1 diabetes

More Related Videos

Accelerated Type 1 Diabetes Induction in Mice by Adoptive Transfer of Diabetogenic CD4+ T Cells06:27

Accelerated Type 1 Diabetes Induction in Mice by Adoptive Transfer of Diabetogenic CD4+ T Cells

Published on: May 6, 2013

17.5K
A High-Throughput Multiplexed Screening for Type 1 Diabetes, Celiac Diseases, and COVID-1906:46

A High-Throughput Multiplexed Screening for Type 1 Diabetes, Celiac Diseases, and COVID-19

Published on: July 5, 2022

3.4K

Related Concept Videos

Pathophysiology of Diabetes01:20

Pathophysiology of Diabetes

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
Type 1 diabetes is characterized by autoimmune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β cells, with environmental factors potentially triggering this process in genetically susceptible individuals. Despite many not having a family history, certain genes increase susceptibility,...
4.4K
Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational

Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
5.6K
Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels due to inadequate insulin production, insulin resistance, or both. The condition affects millions worldwide and can significantly impact their health and quality of life.
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. As a result, the body is unable to produce sufficient insulin, and individuals with...
6.1K
Carbohydrate Metabolism01:36

Carbohydrate Metabolism

Carbohydrates are polymers composed of molecules containing atoms of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. One gram of carbohydrate can provide four kilo-calories of energy, which makes it the most efficient instant energy source.
Starch accounts for approximately 60% of the carbohydrates consumed by humans. Since amylase enzymes cannot function in the stomach's acidic environment, starch can only be digested in the mouth and small intestine. Simple sugars are found naturally in milk and fruits in...
15.0K
Teratogenicity01:07

Teratogenicity

The ability of a drug to produce structural deformations and functional abnormalities in the developing embryo or the fetus is called teratogenicity, and the drug producing this effect is known as a teratogen. Teratogenic effects include stillbirth, miscarriage, intrauterine growth restriction, and neurocognitive delay. A teratogen may affect the embryo at different stages of development, which is important in determining the type and extent of the damage. During blastocyst formation, the early...
4.5K
Diabetes: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Complications01:15

Diabetes: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Complications

For most patients, experiencing several weeks of polyuria, polydipsia, fatigue, and significant weight loss may indicate the presence of diabetes. Furthermore, adults displaying the phenotypic appearance of type 2 diabetes (particularly those who are obese and not initially insulin-requiring), may have islet cell autoantibodies, suggesting autoimmune-mediated β cell destruction and a diagnosis of latent autoimmune diabetes of adults (LADA). The categorization of glucose homeostasis is...
2.8K