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Gut microbiota and allogeneic transplantation.

Weilin Wang1,2,3, Shaoyan Xu4,5,6, Zhigang Ren7,8,9

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Gut microbiota shifts after allogeneic transplantation are linked to complications like rejection and GVHD. Interventions such as probiotics and prebiotics show promise in managing these post-transplant issues.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Immunology
  • Transplantation Science

Background:

  • The human gut harbors over 1000 microbial species crucial for health and disease.
  • Allogeneic transplantation is a vital therapy for end-stage diseases, but post-transplant complications remain a challenge.
  • Gut microbiota significantly interacts with the host immune system, influencing transplant outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the gut microbial status following allogeneic transplantation.
  • To explore the relationship between gut microbiota and post-transplant complications.
  • To discuss the efficacy of various intervention methods in mitigating these complications.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing animal and human studies on gut microbiota alterations after transplantation.
  • Analysis of the impact of complications such as infection, rejection, and graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) on microbial diversity.
  • Evaluation of intervention strategies including antibiotics, probiotics, and prebiotics.

Main Results:

  • Gut microbial populations and diversity are altered after liver, small bowel, kidney, and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
  • Significant gut microbial dysbiosis is observed during complications like infection, rejection, and GVHD.
  • Probiotics and prebiotics have demonstrated potential in regulating gut microbiota and reducing complication incidence.

Conclusions:

  • Gut microbiota dysbiosis is closely associated with complications following allogeneic transplantation.
  • Further research is needed to establish a definitive relationship and explore microbiota as a therapeutic target.
  • Gut microbial interventions hold promise for ameliorating post-transplant complications.