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Popularity differentially predicts reactive and proactive aggression in early adolescence.

Sabine Stoltz1, Antonius H N Cillessen1, Yvonne H M van den Berg1

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Peer popularity is linked to aggression, with popular youth showing more proactive aggression and less reactive aggression over time. Unpopular adolescents displayed higher reactive aggression, while stably popular ones exhibited more proactive aggression.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Adolescent psychology
  • Social dynamics in schools

Background:

  • Peer popularity and aggressive behavior are known correlates.
  • The specific relationship between popularity and distinct aggression types (reactive vs. proactive) requires further clarification.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the unique associations between peer-perceived popularity and both reactive and proactive aggression.
  • To examine these associations using both cross-sectional and longitudinal data in adolescents.

Main Methods:

  • Sociometric measures of popularity, reactive aggression, and proactive aggression collected annually from 266 adolescents (grades 7-8).
  • Cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses were employed to assess concurrent and time-lagged relationships.

Main Results:

  • Popularity positively correlated with proactive aggression and negatively with reactive aggression, both concurrently and longitudinally.
  • Curvilinear trends revealed that both very low and very high popular adolescents exhibited both aggression types.
  • Gender differences indicated stronger popularity effects on proactive aggression in boys; stably popular youth showed high proactive aggression, while stably unpopular youth showed high reactive aggression.

Conclusions:

  • Peer popularity is differentially associated with reactive and proactive aggression in adolescents.
  • Findings highlight distinct developmental pathways for aggression based on social status.
  • Future research should explore the mechanisms underlying these differential associations and consider gender nuances.