Systemic lupus erythematosus and atherosclerosis: Review of the literature

Area of Science:

• Cardiovascular Science
• Immunology
• Rheumatology

Background:

• Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease associated with increased cardiovascular risk.
• Atherosclerosis, a major cause of cardiovascular events, is often accelerated in SLE patients.
• The interplay between SLE pathogenesis and atherogenesis requires comprehensive understanding.

Purpose of the Study:

• To conduct an extensive literature review on the relationship between systemic lupus erythematosus and atherosclerosis.
• To synthesize current knowledge on the mechanisms driving accelerated atherosclerosis in SLE.
• To identify potential therapeutic and preventive strategies for atherothrombotic events in SLE.

Main Methods:

• Systematic literature search of relevant studies on SLE and atherosclerosis.
• Analysis of research focusing on immunological and inflammatory pathways.
• Review of pharmacological interventions and prevention strategies.

Main Results:

• Accelerated atherosclerosis is a significant complication in SLE.
• Key contributors include complement, interferons, inflammatory cytokines, leukocytes, and oxidative stress.
• Toll receptors and vascular endothelial growth factor play roles, particularly in lupus nephritis.
• Various anti-inflammatory therapies and prevention strategies are being explored.

Conclusions:

• Understanding the complex immune mechanisms is crucial for managing accelerated atherosclerosis in SLE.
• Targeting inflammatory mediators and immune pathways offers potential for preventing atherothrombotic events.
• This review highlights the importance for allergist-immunologists and rheumatologists to grasp these concepts for improved patient care.