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    Medical interventions for atypical sex anatomies are often viewed through legal culpability. This commentary reframes these interventions as medical errors, advocating for a focus on repair rather than solely prevention.

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    Area of Science:

    • Medical Ethics
    • Intersex Studies
    • Medical Error Analysis

    Background:

    • Traditional medical ethics focus on researcher/physician intent.
    • Harm in medicine is often framed by legal culpability.
    • Interventions for atypical sex anatomies lack a clear ethical framework regarding harm and error.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To propose a new ethical framework for medical interventions on atypical sex anatomies.
    • To reframe these interventions as a form of medical error.
    • To shift focus from prevention to repair of harm.

    Main Methods:

    • This is a commentary, not an empirical study.
    • Analysis of historical and ongoing medical practices concerning atypical sex anatomies.
    • Ethical argumentation and conceptual reframing.

    Main Results:

    • Normalizing interventions for atypical sex anatomies can be conceptualized as medical error.
    • Current ethical and legal frameworks are insufficient to address the harms of these interventions.
    • A focus on repair is necessary to address past and ongoing harms.

    Conclusions:

    • Medical interventions for atypical sex anatomies should be recognized as a category of medical error.
    • Ethical considerations must extend beyond intent to encompass outcomes and the need for repair.
    • A paradigm shift towards acknowledging and rectifying harm is crucial in this area of medicine.