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Language Development01:22

Language Development

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Children master language quickly and with relative ease, supported by both biological predisposition and reinforcement. B. F. Skinner (1957) proposed that language is learned through reinforcement, while Noam Chomsky (1965) argued that language acquisition mechanisms are biologically determined.
The critical period for language acquisition suggests that the ability to acquire language is at its peak early in life. As people age, this proficiency decreases. Language development begins very...
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Components of Language01:24

Components of Language

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Language, whether spoken, signed, or written, consists of specific components: lexicon and grammar. The lexicon is the vocabulary of a language, comprising its words. Grammar is the set of rules used to convey meaning through the lexicon. For example, English grammar adds “-ed” to most verbs to indicate past tense. Words are formed by combining phonemes, which are the basic sound units of a language. Different languages have different sets of phonemes (e.g., “ah” vs.
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Language and Cognition01:27

Language and Cognition

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Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
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Typical Model Studies01:30

Typical Model Studies

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Fluid mechanics model studies often utilize scaled-down systems to predict fluid behavior in full-scale environments, such as river flows, dam spillways, and structures interacting with open surfaces. Maintaining Froude number similarity in river models is crucial, as it replicates surface flow features like wave patterns and velocities.
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Automatic Processing and Automatic Social Behavior01:28

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Automatic processing refers to the cognitive operations that occur without conscious intent or awareness, playing a fundamental role in shaping social cognition and behavior. These processes enable individuals to navigate complex social environments efficiently by relying on mental shortcuts and pre-existing knowledge structures known as schemas. One of the most influential mechanisms underlying automatic processing is priming, which subtly activates mental representations through exposure to...
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Higher Mental Functions of the Brain: Language01:10

Higher Mental Functions of the Brain: Language

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Language is a system of communication that allows the expression of thoughts, ideas, and feelings. The brain processes language in both hemispheres.
Language formation and comprehension take place in the dominant hemisphere. The dominant hemisphere is responsible for understanding the meaning of spoken, written, or sign language, as well as the ability to communicate. For most people, the left hemisphere is the dominant one. The right hemisphere, then, gives tone and emotional context to the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 5, 2026

Examining Online Syntactic Processing of Spoken Complex Sentences in Chinese Using Dual-Modal Interference Tasks
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Examining Online Syntactic Processing of Spoken Complex Sentences in Chinese Using Dual-Modal Interference Tasks

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Computational models of syntactic acquisition.

Charles Yang1

  • 1Department of Linguistics, Computer Science & Psychology, Institute for Research in Cognitive Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.

Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews. Cognitive Science
|August 25, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study explores computational models for syntactic acquisition, integrating computer science, linguistics, and psychology. It highlights how these models offer psychologically plausible and developmentally realistic explanations for child language learning.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Science
  • Computational Linguistics
  • Developmental Psychology

Background:

  • Syntactic acquisition is a complex process in child development.
  • Computational approaches offer a framework for understanding language learning mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review computational learning theory and its relevance to language acquisition.
  • To examine different computational models of syntactic acquisition.
  • To connect computational models with empirical studies of child grammar.

Main Methods:

  • Review of computational learning theory.
  • Analysis of learning models utilizing distributional information or constrained hypothesis spaces.
  • Discussion of model tractability, plausibility, and developmental realism.

Main Results:

  • Computational learning theory provides key insights into language acquisition.
  • Various computational models share characteristics to overcome learning challenges.
  • Computational models can be integrated with empirical data on child language.

Conclusions:

  • Computational models are valuable tools for studying syntactic acquisition.
  • Models should be computationally tractable, psychologically plausible, and developmentally realistic.
  • Interdisciplinary approaches enhance our understanding of language development.