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Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses in Chronic HCV Infection

Lynn B Dustin1

  • 1University of Oxford, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3SY, United Kingdom.

Current Drug Targets
|August 26, 2015
PubMed

Insights

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) uses immune evasion strategies to establish infection. While immune responses impact viral replication, new developments offer hope for immunological interventions.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Virology
  • Hepatology

Background:

  • Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a significant global health issue, persisting despite direct-acting antiviral therapies.
  • Understanding immune responses is crucial for managing HCV infection outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discuss immune responses to acute and chronic Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection.
  • To explore viral strategies that hinder innate and adaptive immunity.
  • To highlight the potential for immunological interventions.

Main Methods:

  • Review of immune responses during acute and chronic HCV infection.
  • Analysis of viral evasion mechanisms impacting innate and adaptive immunity.
  • Discussion of factors influencing immune-mediated viral clearance.

Main Results:

  • HCV employs strategies to delay innate antiviral responses, allowing widespread infection before adaptive immunity develops.
  • Viral genetic variability and replication mechanisms facilitate immune evasion, with changing epitopes hindering T and B cell responses.
  • Immune-mediated clearance occurs in 20-50% of cases, indicating immune mechanisms do impact HCV replication.

Conclusions:

  • HCV's immune evasion tactics present challenges for effective host defense.
  • Despite immune suppression, innate and adaptive immunity play roles in controlling HCV.
  • Emerging immunological strategies hold promise for preventing and treating HCV infection.

Keywords:
Hepatitis C virusT cell exhaustionimmune responseinnate immunityinterferon lambdaneutralizing antibodies

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