Early Detection of Foot-And-Mouth Disease Virus from Infected Cattle Using A Dry Filter Air Sampling System

Area of Science:

• Veterinary Virology
• Animal Health
• Infectious Disease Epidemiology

Background:

• Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) poses a significant economic threat to livestock industries globally.
• Rapid detection of Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is crucial for controlling outbreaks.
• The aerogenous transmission of FMDV suggests airborne detection methods may be viable.

Purpose of the Study:

• To evaluate air sampling as a non-invasive screening tool for FMDV infection in cattle.
• To compare the timing of FMDV RNA detection in air samples with clinical signs and other diagnostic samples (serum, oral fluid).
• To assess the feasibility of air sampling for early FMDV detection in confined animal housing.

Main Methods:

• Experimental infection of cattle with FMDV A24 Cruzeiro.
• Collection of air samples from individual and group housing rooms.
• Detection of FMDV RNA in air samples, serum, and oral fluid.
• Comparison of air sample detection timing with clinical sign onset and viral RNA levels in other sample types.

Main Results:

• FMDV RNA was detected in air samples 1-3 days before or on the same day as clinical signs in most individually housed cattle.
• Airborne FMDV RNA detection preceded clinical signs by 1-2 days in group-housed cattle.
• In some cases, FMDV RNA was detected in air samples from clinically healthy animals, preceding detection in oral fluid.

Conclusions:

• Air sampling is an effective, non-invasive method for detecting FMDV infection in cattle within enclosed spaces.
• This technique can serve as a valuable screening tool for early FMDV detection in surveillance strategies.
• Air sampling complements traditional diagnostic methods and aids in FMD prevention, control, and eradication efforts.