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Transgenerational effects of a hypercaloric diet.

A O Joaquim1, C P Coelho2, P Dias Motta1

  • 1Environmental and Experimental Pathology, Paulista University (UNIP), Rua Dr Bacelar, 1212, São Paulo, SP, 04026-002, Brazil.

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Summary

Maternal hypercaloric diet (HD) during development leads to overweight offspring with altered neuroimmune responses. This suggests transgenerational effects on immune programming and metabolism.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Immunology
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Maternal diet impacts offspring development and health.
  • Hypercaloric diets (HD) are linked to metabolic and inflammatory issues.
  • Neuroimmune interactions are crucial for maintaining homeostasis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the transgenerational effects of maternal hypercaloric diet (HD) on neuroimmune parameters in offspring.
  • To assess the impact of HD on body weight, fat accumulation, and astrocyte reactivity in F1 generation rats.
  • To evaluate the neuroinflammatory and metabolic responses to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge in offspring exposed to maternal HD.

Main Methods:

  • Female F0 rats and male F1 offspring were fed a hypercaloric diet (HD) or normocaloric diet.
  • Offspring body weight, retroperitoneal fat (RPF) weight, and hypodermic adipocyte (HA) counts were measured.
  • Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression in hypothalamic astrocytes was assessed.
  • F1 offspring were challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or saline, followed by behavioral tests and plasma analysis.

Main Results:

  • Maternal HD led to overweight F0 females and F1 offspring with increased body weight gain and RPF weight.
  • F1 offspring from HD dams showed altered adipocyte numbers and decreased GFAP immunoreactivity.
  • LPS challenge in F1 offspring from HD dams resulted in decreased body weight gain and RPF weight, with attenuated GFAP.
  • Elevated plasma tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) was observed in offspring from HD dams, irrespective of LPS challenge.

Conclusions:

  • Maternal hypercaloric diet during development induces transgenerational overweight and alters neuroimmune programming in offspring.
  • Permanent changes in immune system programming may mediate the observed metabolic and neuroinflammatory effects.
  • The study highlights the long-term consequences of maternal nutrition on offspring health and disease susceptibility.