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Chemometric analysis successfully classified Romanian red wines by variety and vintage using anthocyanins, organic acids, and isotopic ratios. This method validates key variables for authentic wine authentication.

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Area of Science:

  • Food Chemistry
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Chemometrics

Background:

  • Wine authentication is crucial for quality control and consumer trust.
  • Traditional methods may not always distinguish between similar wine varieties or vintages.
  • Advanced analytical techniques offer potential for more robust wine classification.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate chemometric methodologies for classifying red wine varieties and vintages.
  • To identify key chemical and isotopic variables significant for wine authentication.
  • To assess the efficacy of discriminant analysis for categorizing authentic Romanian red wines.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized discriminant analysis, including Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA), on a comprehensive dataset.
  • Analyzed wine samples for anthocyanins, organic acids, sugars, amino acids, and alcohols.
  • Incorporated stable isotope ratio analysis ((13)C/(12)C, (18)O/(16)O, D/H) and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) fingerprints.
  • Applied chemometric techniques to classify wines based on variety and vintage.

Main Results:

  • Achieved satisfactory categorization of wines by both grape variety (85.7%) and vintage year (71.1%) using LDA.
  • Identified specific anthocyanins, organic acids (e.g., oxalic, lactic, citric), sugars (glucose), amino acids (e.g., histidine, alanine), alcohols, and isotopic variables as significant discriminators.
  • Demonstrated the validity of the selected analytical variables for reliable wine authentication.

Conclusions:

  • Chemometric classification based on a combination of chemical and isotopic analyses provides a powerful tool for wine authentication.
  • The study successfully distinguished between five red wine varieties and their vintages from Romania.
  • The identified significant variables offer a robust basis for future wine authentication protocols.