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Brain activity during walking: A systematic review.

Dennis Hamacher1, Fabian Herold1, Patrick Wiegel1

  • 1Department of Sport Science, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Zschokkestraße 32, 39104 Magdeburg, Germany.

Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews
|August 26, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Brain activity during walking varies with age, fitness, and health, influenced by task complexity. The brain uses plasticity to maintain stable walking through compensation mechanisms.

Keywords:
CognitionCortical activationEEGGaitMRIPETfMRIfNIRS

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Human Movement Science

Background:

  • This systematic review synthesizes literature on brain activation during imagined and real walking.
  • Utilizes Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI/fMRI), functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS), Electroencephalography (EEG), and Positron Emission Tomography (PET) for brain activity measurement.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of brain activation patterns during walking.
  • To identify factors influencing cortical activity during locomotion.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature search across six databases by three independent reviewers.
  • Search strategy combined terms for brain activity assessment, movement responses, and walking.

Main Results:

  • Analyzed 48 studies from an initial 1832 papers.
  • Cortical activity differences observed based on age, physical fitness, neurological health, and task complexity.

Conclusions:

  • Brain activity during walking is sensitive to task complexity, age, and pathologies, highlighting cortical control's significance.
  • Brain plasticity and compensation mechanisms are crucial for maintaining stable walking.