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Updated: Apr 5, 2026

Biomechanical Testing of Murine Tendons
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PAPP-A affects tendon structure and mechanical properties.

Tai-Hua Yang1, Andrew R Thoreson1, Kai-Nan An1

  • 1Biomechanics Laboratory and Tendon and Soft Tissue Biology Laboratory, Division of Orthopedic Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.

Journal of Structural Biology
|August 27, 2015
PubMed
Summary

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Pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) influences tendon structure and mechanical properties. PAPP-A knockout mice showed impaired tendon development, while overexpression enhanced it.

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Musculoskeletal Biology
  • Connective Tissue Research

Background:

  • Pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) is known to enhance insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling by degrading IGF-binding proteins.
  • This action promotes cell proliferation and differentiation in various tissues.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the specific role of PAPP-A in modulating tendon structure and mechanical characteristics.
  • To understand how PAPP-A expression levels impact tendon development and function.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized PAPP-A knockout (KO), skeletal-specific overexpression transgenic (Tg), and wild-type (WT) mouse tail models (n=10 per group).
  • Assessed morphological parameters including cross-sectional area (CSA) of tail, bone, muscle, and tendon, alongside fascicle diameter.
Keywords:
Fascicle mechanical propertyInterfascicular structureKnockout mouseOverexpression mousePregnancy-associated plasma protein-ATendon

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  • Performed fascicle pullout tests and uniaxial tension tests to evaluate stiffness, strength, modulus, hysteresis, and stress relaxation.
  • Main Results:

    • KO mice exhibited reduced tail and tendon CSA, smaller fascicle diameter, decreased stiffness, and increased hysteresis compared to WT and Tg mice.
    • Tg mice displayed larger fascicle diameter, increased tendon CSA, enhanced interfascicular strength and stiffness, and altered modulus compared to WT and KO mice.
    • Tg mice showed larger total tail CSA and smaller hysteresis than KO mice, and larger normalized tendon CSA than WT mice.

    Conclusions:

    • PAPP-A significantly influences tendon fascicle structure.
    • Modulation of PAPP-A levels directly impacts the overall tendon phenotype, affecting its mechanical properties and structural integrity.