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Related Concept Videos

Kidney Transplant I: Introduction01:28

Kidney Transplant I: Introduction

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A kidney transplant is a surgical approach that involves replacing a non-functioning kidney with a healthy one from a donor. This procedure is often a treatment option for end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients. The method requires careful recipient selection, including evaluating various medical and psychosocial factors. These criteria vary between transplant centers but generally include assessments of the patient's overall health, adherence to medical recommendations, and lifestyle...
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Preoperative ManagementThe primary goals of preoperative management in kidney transplantation are to optimize the patient’s metabolic state and prepare them for surgery through diet adjustments, necessary dialysis, and tailored medical treatment. This phase also involves comprehensive infection screening and patient education about the surgical procedure and postoperative care to improve outcomes and adherence.Medical ManagementA comprehensive evaluation is required for both the living...
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Postoperative Nursing Management for Kidney Transplant PatientsPostoperative nursing management care includes monitoring the surgical site, encouraging early movement, and promoting lung health through breathing exercises. Nurses also administer prescribed medications like H2-blockers, such as famotidine, or proton pump inhibitors, like omeprazole, to help prevent gastrointestinal ulcers and bleeding. Fungal infections in the mouth and bladder can result from immunosuppressive and antibiotic...
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Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) progresses through distinct clinical phases: the oliguric, diuretic, and recovery phases, each marked by unique manifestations and challenges.Oliguric Phase:The oliguric phase is the initial stage of AKI, typically lasting 10 to 14 days. This phase is marked by a significant reduction in urine output, usually less than 400 mL per day, indicating decreased kidney function. Fluid retention is a prominent feature, leading to symptoms such as edema, hypertension, and...
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Accurate diagnosis and effective prevention are critical in managing Acute Kidney Injury (AKI), which is linked to high mortality rates ranging from 10% to 80%. Timely recognition of at-risk patients and careful monitoring can significantly reduce the likelihood of kidney damage.Diagnostic Assessments:The diagnostic process starts with a comprehensive medical history to identify prerenal, intrarenal, and postrenal causes.Prerenal causes, such as dehydration, hypotension, or blood loss, should...
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Introduction:Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) describes a swift decrease in kidney function occurring over hours to days, characterized by the kidneys' failure to remove waste products from the bloodstream. This leads to dangerous complications like metabolic acidosis, fluid overload, and electrolyte imbalances, such as hyperkalemia, which can cause life-threatening arrhythmias. AKI is common in both hospital and outpatient settings, often triggered by dehydration, sepsis, or exposure to nephrotoxic...
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Mouse Kidney Transplantation: Models of Allograft Rejection
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Death and kidney allograft dysfunction after bacteremia.

Kenta Ito1, Norihiko Goto2, Kenta Futamura2

  • 1Department of Nephrology, Shizuoka General Hospital, 4-27-1, Kitaando, Aoi-ku, Shizuoka, 420-8527, Japan. pa2.kenta@gmail.com.

Clinical and Experimental Nephrology
|August 27, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Bacteremia in kidney transplant recipients (KTR) can cause temporary kidney function decline, but function usually recovers. Severe urinary tract infections after bacteremia may increase acute allograft rejection risk.

Keywords:
Acute allograft rejectionBacteremiaChange in kidney functionKidney transplantationRecipients’ death

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Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Transplantation Immunology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Bacteremia is linked to mortality and allograft loss in kidney transplant recipients (KTR).
  • Limited data exists on kidney function and acute rejection risk post-bacteremia in KTR.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the clinical course of kidney function and acute allograft rejection risk following bacteremia in kidney transplant recipients.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective review of 902 kidney transplants (2002-2014).
  • Analysis of 45 living donor KTR with single bacteremia, examining outcomes 12 months post-infection.
  • Stratification by bacteremia source, acquisition site, severity, antibiotic use, and baseline kidney function.

Main Results:

  • Urinary tract infection (UTI) was the primary source (68.9%) of bacteremia, with E. coli most common.
  • Kidney function declined transiently post-bacteremia, especially in severe cases, but generally returned to baseline.
  • Severe UTI was significantly associated with subsequent acute allograft rejection (P=0.03).

Conclusions:

  • Kidney function typically recovers post-bacteremia in KTR.
  • Severe UTI following bacteremia poses a risk for acute allograft rejection.
  • Pneumonia in KTR requires careful management due to potential severity.