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Non Cystic Fibrosis Bronchiectasis.
Anand K Gupta1, Rakesh Lodha1, Sushil K Kabra2
1Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India.
Indian Journal of Pediatrics
|August 27, 2015
Summary
Bronchiectasis, a permanent airway dilatation, may affect 1% of young children hospitalized with pneumonia in India. Early recognition and supportive care, including nutrition and airway clearance, are crucial for managing this potentially underdiagnosed condition.
Area of Science:
- Pulmonology
- Pediatric Respiratory Medicine
- Epidemiology
Background:
- Bronchiectasis is characterized by permanent airway dilatation and thickening.
- Precise incidence and prevalence in India remain unknown.
- Pneumonia in young children may lead to bronchiectasis, suggesting a significant underrecognized problem in developing countries.
Purpose of the Study:
- To highlight the potential burden of bronchiectasis in India.
- To discuss the etiological factors of bronchiectasis in different settings.
- To emphasize the diagnostic and management strategies for bronchiectasis.
Main Methods:
- Review of existing data on bronchiectasis prevalence and causes.
- Discussion of diagnostic modalities, particularly High-Resolution CT scan.
- Outline of current treatment approaches.
Main Results:
- Approximately 1% of young children hospitalized with pneumonia may develop bronchiectasis.
- Infection is a common cause in high-burden countries, but other causes like airway malformations and immune deficiencies are prevalent in resource-rich settings.
- High-Resolution CT scan is the gold standard for diagnosis.
Conclusions:
- Bronchiectasis is a significant concern in India, particularly in children with a history of pneumonia.
- Accurate diagnosis of underlying causes is essential and often challenging in resource-limited settings.
- Supportive care, including nutrition, airway clearance, and management of exacerbations, is the mainstay of treatment and is generally successful.
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