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Non Cystic Fibrosis Bronchiectasis

Anand K Gupta1, Rakesh Lodha1, Sushil K Kabra2

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India.

Indian Journal of Pediatrics
|August 27, 2015
PubMed

Insights

Bronchiectasis, a permanent airway dilatation, may affect 1% of young children hospitalized with pneumonia in India. Early recognition and supportive care, including nutrition and airway clearance, are crucial for managing this potentially underdiagnosed condition.

Area of Science:

  • Pulmonology
  • Pediatric Respiratory Medicine
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Bronchiectasis is characterized by permanent airway dilatation and thickening.
  • Precise incidence and prevalence in India remain unknown.
  • Pneumonia in young children may lead to bronchiectasis, suggesting a significant underrecognized problem in developing countries.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the potential burden of bronchiectasis in India.
  • To discuss the etiological factors of bronchiectasis in different settings.
  • To emphasize the diagnostic and management strategies for bronchiectasis.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing data on bronchiectasis prevalence and causes.
  • Discussion of diagnostic modalities, particularly High-Resolution CT scan.
  • Outline of current treatment approaches.

Main Results:

  • Approximately 1% of young children hospitalized with pneumonia may develop bronchiectasis.
  • Infection is a common cause in high-burden countries, but other causes like airway malformations and immune deficiencies are prevalent in resource-rich settings.
  • High-Resolution CT scan is the gold standard for diagnosis.

Conclusions:

  • Bronchiectasis is a significant concern in India, particularly in children with a history of pneumonia.
  • Accurate diagnosis of underlying causes is essential and often challenging in resource-limited settings.
  • Supportive care, including nutrition, airway clearance, and management of exacerbations, is the mainstay of treatment and is generally successful.

Keywords:
Aspiration syndromeBronchiectasisFENOPrimary ciliary dyskinesia

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