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Related Concept Videos

MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
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MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After...
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MicroRNAs01:22

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Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps02:24

Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps

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Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
Transcription results in the generation of precursor (pre-mRNA) that consists of both exons and introns, which needs further processing before being translated to a...
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pre-mRNA Processing02:01

pre-mRNA Processing

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In eukaryotic cells, transcripts made by RNA polymerase are modified and processed before exiting the nucleus. Unprocessed RNA is called precursor mRNA or pre-mRNA to distinguish it from mature mRNA.
Once about 20-40 ribonucleotides have been joined together by RNA polymerase, a group of enzymes adds a “cap” to the 5’ end of the growing transcript. In this process, a 5’ phosphate is replaced by modified guanosine that has a methyl group attached to it (7-Methyl...
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lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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CRISPR Gene Editing Tool for MicroRNA Cluster Network Analysis
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MicroRNA Processing and Human Cancer.

Masahisa Ohtsuka1, Hui Ling2, Yuichiro Doki3

  • 1Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1881 East Road, Unit 1950, APT 1125, Houston, TX 77030, USA. MOhtsuka@mdanderson.org.

Journal of Clinical Medicine
|August 27, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate gene expression and are crucial in cancer. Dysregulation of miRNA processing factors impacts cancer initiation, progression, and metastasis, highlighting their therapeutic potential.

Keywords:
MicroRNAsbiogenesiscancer

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Oncology

Background:

  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short non-coding RNAs regulating gene expression post-transcriptionally.
  • Aberrant miRNA expression and processing are implicated in various human cancers.
  • miRNA processing involves nuclear RNAse, Exportin-5 (XPO5) transport, and cytoplasmic RISC activity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review miRNA biogenesis.
  • To emphasize the role of miRNA processing factors in human cancers.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on miRNA biogenesis and processing.
  • Analysis of the impact of alterations in miRNA processing factors on cancer.

Main Results:

  • miRNAs can act as oncogenes or tumor suppressors.
  • Global miRNA dysregulation is observed in many cancer types.
  • Alterations in miRNA processing factors significantly affect cancer development.

Conclusions:

  • miRNA processing factors are critical in cancer initiation, progression, and metastasis.
  • Understanding miRNA biogenesis and processing factors offers potential therapeutic strategies for cancer.