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Toll-like receptor activation: from renal inflammation to fibrosis

Wai Han Yiu1, Miao Lin1, Sydney C W Tang1

  • 1Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong.

Kidney International Supplements
|August 28, 2015
PubMed

Insights

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are crucial in the innate immune system and kidney disease. This review explores how TLRs and their ligands contribute to renal fibrosis in chronic kidney disease models.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Nephrology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are key pattern recognition receptors in innate immunity.
  • TLRs detect microbial and endogenous danger signals, initiating inflammatory responses.
  • In the kidney, TLRs are expressed in diverse cell types and implicated in renal fibrosis.

Approach:

  • This review synthesizes current evidence on the role of TLRs in renal fibrosis.
  • It utilizes ureteral obstruction and diabetic nephropathy as models of chronic kidney disease.
  • The focus is on the contribution of TLRs and their endogenous ligands to disease pathogenesis.

Key Points:

  • TLRs are widely expressed in renal cells and play a role in fibrosis.
  • Endogenous ligands of TLRs contribute to the inflammatory processes driving renal fibrosis.
  • Specific TLR pathways are activated during chronic kidney disease progression.

Conclusions:

  • TLRs and their endogenous ligands are significant contributors to renal fibrosis.
  • Targeting TLR signaling presents a potential therapeutic strategy for chronic kidney diseases.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate TLR involvement in kidney disease pathogenesis.
Keywords:
Toll-like receptorsdiabetic nephropathypro-fibroticproinflammatoryrenal fibrosisunilateral ureteral obstruction

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