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Related Concept Videos

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Excretion01:18

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Excretion

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In geriatric patients, renal physiology undergoes significant changes, including diminished renal blood flow and a lower glomerular filtration rate (GFR), leading to alterations in medication clearance. Drugs such as aminoglycoside antibiotics, lithium, and digoxin, which rely on glomerular filtration for removal from the body, particularly impact pharmacokinetics. These drugs tend to have slower clearance rates in older adults, necessitating careful dosage considerations.Evaluation of renal...
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Renal Corpuscle01:20

Renal Corpuscle

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The glomerulus and Bowman's capsule are two essential components of the nephron, which is the functional unit of the kidney. These microscopic structures play a critical role in the process of blood filtration to produce urine.
Glomerulus: Structure and Function
The glomerulus is a tiny, intricate network of capillaries located at the beginning of the nephron. It's enveloped by the Bowman's capsule and receives its blood supply from an afferent arteriole, which divides into numerous...
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Factors Affecting Renal Clearance: Renal Impairment01:17

Factors Affecting Renal Clearance: Renal Impairment

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Renal dysfunction significantly impairs the renal clearance of drugs, leading to potential complications in drug therapy. Renal failure, which can be caused by various factors, poses a significant challenge in the elimination of drugs from the body.
One condition associated with renal failure is uremia. Uremia is characterized by impaired glomerular filtration and fluid accumulation in the body. This condition hinders the renal clearance of drugs, resulting in drug accumulation and potential...
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The Effect of Aging on Tissues01:19

The Effect of Aging on Tissues

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Several body functions deteriorate with age. The external signs of aging are easily identifiable. For example, the skin becomes dry, less elastic, and thins out, forming wrinkles. The skin of the face begins to appear looser due to a decrease in the levels of elastic and collagen fibers in the connective tissue. Additionally, melanin production in the hair follicle decreases with age, resulting in gray hair. Moreover, the senses of sight and hearing decline, so glasses and hearing aids may...
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Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Metabolism01:18

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Metabolism

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Geriatric patients show significant variation in how their bodies process medications, which can change how effective and safe treatments are. The liver is the primary organ where drug metabolism occurs, involving two main types of chemical reactions: phase I and II. Phase I metabolism is driven by the cytochrome P450 enzyme system, which includes key types such as CYP3A, CYP2D6, and CYP2C9. Research indicates that while aging doesn't notably alter the levels or activity of these enzymes, it...
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Nephrons01:10

Nephrons

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The kidneys are intricate organs with millions of working units known as nephrons. Each nephron features two major structures: the renal corpuscle, which facilitates blood plasma filtration, and the renal tubule, which handles the glomerular filtrate. Blood supply is directly linked to the nephrons. The renal corpuscle consists of the glomerulus, a capillary network, and the Bowman's capsule, a double-walled epithelial structure that encases the glomerulus. The filtering of blood plasma...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 4, 2026

Unilateral Ureteral Obstruction Model for Investigating Kidney Interstitial Fibrosis
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Unilateral Ureteral Obstruction Model for Investigating Kidney Interstitial Fibrosis

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Fibrosis and renal aging.

Hai-Chun Yang1, Agnes B Fogo1

  • 1Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, Tennessee, USA.

Kidney International Supplements
|August 28, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Aging kidneys experience increased glomerulosclerosis and fibrosis, with declining kidney function. Interventions targeting stem cells and pathways like PPARγ may reverse these age-related changes.

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Gerontology
  • Stem Cell Biology

Background:

  • Kidney aging is characterized by glomerulosclerosis, interstitial fibrosis, and reduced glomerular filtration rate (GFR).
  • Declining stem cell number and function are key contributors to renal aging.
  • Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) show potential in slowing and reversing age-related kidney damage.

Approach:

  • Investigating the role of stem cell regulation in renal aging.
  • Exploring the therapeutic potential of peroxisome proliferator activator receptor gamma (PPARγ) agonists.
  • Evaluating interventions beyond traditional hemodynamic effects of ARBs.

Key Points:

  • High-dose ARBs can induce regression of glomerulosclerosis and vascular sclerosis in aging kidneys.
Keywords:
PPARγagingangiotensinglomerulosclerosisstem cells

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  • Stem cell dysfunction significantly impacts the aging kidney.
  • PPARγ agonists represent a novel therapeutic strategy for renal aging.

    • Conclusions:

    • Targeting stem cells and specific molecular pathways offers new avenues for managing age-related kidney decline.
    • Interventions like PPARγ agonists may offer renoprotective effects independent of blood pressure control.
    • Further research into stem cell modulation and novel pharmacological agents is crucial for combating renal aging.