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Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Distribution01:00

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Drug distribution in the human body is influenced by several factors, including plasma protein concentration, body composition, blood flow, tissue-protein concentration, and tissue fluid pH. Among these, changes in plasma protein concentration and body composition due to aging significantly affect how drugs are distributed within the body. Specifically, aging is associated with a decrease in albumin levels by about 10% and an increase in α1-acid glycoprotein levels. These alterations are...
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Protein synthesis is indispensable for viral replication, as viruses lack the cellular machinery required for this process and must hijack the host's translational apparatus. In response, host cells deploy a critical innate immune defense involving interferons, specialized cytokines that play a central role in inhibiting viral propagation.Upon viral detection, infected cells release interferons that bind to receptors on adjacent uninfected cells, activating the JAK-STAT signaling pathway and...
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Obesity significantly alters the pharmacokinetic processes of drug absorption and distribution, presenting unique challenges in medical treatment. The increased fat tissue and decreased lean muscle in obese individuals can significantly affect how drugs are absorbed into the body and distributed across different tissues. This alteration can lead to variances in the effectiveness and safety of medications, necessitating adjustments in dosing or drug selection for obese patients.One notable...
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Several body functions deteriorate with age. The external signs of aging are easily identifiable. For example, the skin becomes dry, less elastic, and thins out, forming wrinkles. The skin of the face begins to appear looser due to a decrease in the levels of elastic and collagen fibers in the connective tissue. Additionally, melanin production in the hair follicle decreases with age, resulting in gray hair. Moreover, the senses of sight and hearing decline, so glasses and hearing aids may...
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Age-related pharmacokinetic changes are extensively documented, but understanding age-related pharmacodynamic alterations is relatively limited. This knowledge gap can be partly attributed to the complexity of developing appropriate measures of drug responses compared to bioanalytical methods for determining drug concentrations.Most information regarding age-related differences in human pharmacodynamics originates from cross-sectional studies. However, these studies assume that observed mean...
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Exergaming in Older People Living with HIV Improves Balance, Mobility and Ameliorates Some Aspects of Frailty
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FUNCTIONAL LIMITATIONS AND ADIPOKINES IN HIV-INFECTED OLDER ADULTS.

K N Shah1, Z Majeed1, H Yang2

  • 1Division of Geriatrics and Aging, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York.

The Journal of Frailty & Aging
|August 28, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Older adults with HIV experience more functional decline and altered adipokine levels. Adiponectin and visfatin are linked to physical function, with visfatin uniquely associated with limitations in this population.

Keywords:
HIVadipokinesfat redistributionolder adultsphysical function

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Metabolic Research

Background:

  • Growing population of HIV-infected older adults (HOA) face accelerated functional decline.
  • Limited understanding of the link between systemic adipokines and functional limitations in HOA.
  • Adipokines, signaling proteins from adipose tissue, play roles in metabolism and inflammation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between functional limitations and systemic adipokine levels in HOA.
  • To compare adipokine profiles and functional status between HOA and healthy controls.
  • To identify specific adipokines associated with physical function in HOA.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional study design.
  • Inclusion of community-dwelling HIV-infected adults over 50 years old and age/gender/BMI-matched healthy controls.
  • Measurement of functional status, body composition, and plasma adipokine concentrations (adiponectin, visfatin).

Main Results:

  • HOA exhibited significantly higher functional limitations compared to controls (p<0.05).
  • Distinct differences in adipokine levels were observed between HOA and controls (p<0.05).
  • Adiponectin and visfatin levels correlated with physical function measures in HOA, independent of confounders. Visfatin showed a positive correlation with limitations specifically in HOA.

Conclusions:

  • HOA demonstrate significant functional limitations and altered adipokine profiles.
  • Adiponectin and visfatin are associated with functional limitations in HOA.
  • Visfatin's unique association with physical function in HOA warrants further investigation in longitudinal studies on HIV-related aging.