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Updated: Apr 4, 2026
Three Different Protocols of Corneal Collagen Crosslinking in Keratoconus: Conventional, Accelerated and Iontophoresis
Published on: November 12, 2015
Treatment Effect and Corneal Light Scattering With 2 Corneal Cross-linking Protocols: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Jeannette Beckman Rehnman1, Christina Lindén1, Per Hallberg2
1Department of Clinical Sciences, Ophthalmology Unit, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
Importance:
We describe and evaluate a complementary method to indirectly quantify the treatment effect of corneal cross-linking (CXL). Additional methods to indirectly quantify the treatment effect of CXL are needed.
Objective:
To assess the spatial distribution and the time course of the increased corneal densitometry (corneal light backscatter) seen after CXL with riboflavin and UV-A irradiation.
Design, Setting, And Participants:
Open-label randomized clinical trial of 43 patients (60 eyes) who were 18 to 28 years of age and had progressive keratoconus and a plan to be treated with CXL at Umeå University Hospital, Umeå, Sweden. The patients were randomized to receive conventional CXL (n = 30) using the Dresden protocol or CXL with mechanical compression of the cornea using a flat rigid contact lens sutured to the cornea during the treatment (CRXL) (n = 30). All participants were followed up during a 6-month period from October 13, 2009, through May 31, 2012.
Interventions:
Corneal cross-linking according to the Dresden protocol or CRXL.
Main Outcomes And Measures:
Change in corneal densitometry after CXL and CRXL for keratoconus.
Results:
Of the original 60 eyes included, 4 had incomplete data. A densitometry increase was seen after both treatments that was deeper and more pronounced in the CXL group (difference between the groups at 1 month in the center layer, zone 0-2 mm, 5.02 grayscale units [GSU], 95% CI, 2.92-7.12 GSU; P < .001). This increase diminished with time but was still noticeable at 6 months (difference between the groups at 6 months in the center layer, zone 0-2 mm, 3.47 GSU; 95% CI, 1.72-5.23 GSU; P < .001) and was proportional to the reduction in corneal steepness (R = -0.45 and -0.56 for CXL and CRXL, respectively).
Conclusions And Relevance:
The degree of corneal light backscatter relates to the reduction in corneal steepness after cross-linking and may become a relevant complement to other methods in evaluating the cross-linking effect, for example, when comparing different treatment regimens.
Trial Registration:
clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT02425150.
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