Intraocular lymphoma: clinical presentations, differential diagnosis and treatment

Lymphoma is a term which encompasses a diverse group of human lymphoid malignancies. Most lymphomas rarely affect the intraocular tissues, and those that do are generally of the diffuse large cell (histiocytic) type. The typical clinical patterns of presentation of intraocular lymphoma are (1) diffuse intravitreal cells, (2) geographic subretinal pigment epithelial infiltrates, and (3) uveal tumors. In this paper, the authors illustrate the most common presentations of this disorder, review the differential diagnosis of these different presentations, and suggest an approach to diagnosis and management of affected patients based on their experience and a review of the literature.