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The prevalence of sensitization to inhalant allergens in children with atopic dermatitis
Adam J Sybilski1, Marta Zalewska, Konrad Furmańczyk
1Department of the Prevention of Environmental Hazards and Allergology, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland.
Insights
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is more common in children with a history of atopy and urban living. Sensitization to common aeroallergens like house-dust mites and grass pollen is linked to eczema development in children.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Allergy and Immunology
- Environmental Health
- Dermatology
Background:
- The link between inhalant allergen sensitization and atopic dermatitis (AD) in children remains unclear.
- This study investigates the association between AD symptoms and aeroallergen sensitization in Polish children.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine the relationship between atopic dermatitis symptoms and sensitization to common airborne allergens.
- To assess this relationship in two distinct age groups of Polish children (6-7 and 13-14 years).
Main Methods:
- A randomized study involving medical examinations and skin-prick tests (SPT) for 15 aeroallergens.
- Included 4510 children aged 6-7 and 4721 children aged 13-14 from nine Polish regions.
- 1583 children underwent medical examination and SPT.
Main Results:
- Atopic dermatitis (AD) prevalence was 8.9%, higher in urban children (9.6%) and those with a positive atopy history (9.4%).
- Positive SPT results were more frequent in children with AD (64.7%) compared to those without (41.9%).
- House-dust mites (Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, D. farinae) and grasses/crop plants were the most common sensitizing allergens.
Conclusions:
- AD is more prevalent in children with a positive atopy history and those residing in urban areas.
- Aeroallergens significantly contribute to the pathogenesis of childhood eczema.
- House-dust mites and grass pollen are identified as the primary relevant aeroallergens in this population.
Background:
The role of sensitization to inhalant allergens in atopic dermatitis (AD) in children is uncertain. The aim of our study was to assess the relationship of AD symptoms with sensitization to aeroallergens in Polish children ages 6-7 and 13-14 years.
Material And Method:
Epidemiology of Allergic Disorders in Poland is a randomized study with medical examination according to the ECRHS II and the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood standards in nine selected regions of Poland. We studied 6-7-year-old (n = 4510) and 13-14-year-old children (n = 4721). A total of 1583 children (25%) had a medical examination and a skin-prick test (SPT) with the 15 most common aeroallergens.
Results:
AD was diagnosed in 235 children (8.9%) (8.7%, 6-7-year-old children; 9.0%, 13-14-year-old children; 8.6% boys and 9.1% girls). AD was more frequent in urban versus rural habitants (9.6% versus 3.7%; p < 0.05) and in participants with a positive atopy history versus those without atopy (9.4% versus 5.1%; p < 0.05). Positive SPT was found in 1165 children (43.9%) (38.5% boys, 49.5% girls) and 64.72% with AD versus 41.9% without AD (p < 0.05) and more common in the rural region versus urban setting among 6-7 year-olds (71.8% versus 35.0%; p < 0.05). The most frequent allergic reaction was Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (13.5%), Dermatophagoides farina (11.7%), and grasses/crop plants (11.8%). The same pattern was seen in participants with and those without AD. Children with AD had more frequent positive SPT for all aeroallergens (p < 0.05).
Conclusion:
AD should be more frequent in children with a positive atopy history and in children who live in the city. Aeroallergens play an essential role in pathogenesis of eczema in children. House-dust mites and grass pollen proved to be the most common relevant aeroallergens.
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