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Osmoregulation in Fishes02:32

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When cells are placed in a hypotonic (low-salt) fluid, they can swell and burst. Meanwhile, cells in a hypertonic solution—with a higher salt concentration—can shrivel and die. How do fish cells avoid these gruesome fates in hypotonic freshwater or hypertonic seawater environments?
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The physiological stress response of the Atlantic stingray (Hypanus sabinus) to aerial exposure.

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Challenges, pitfalls and surprises: development and validation of a monoclonal antibody for enzyme immunoassay of the steroid 1α-hydroxycorticosterone in elasmobranch species.

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Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase α1 mRNA expression in the gill and rectal gland of the Atlantic stingray, Dasyatis sabina, following acclimation to increased salinity.

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Fresh water acclimation elicits a decrease in plasma corticosteroids in the euryhaline Atlantic stingray, Dasyatis

Andrew N Evans1, B Scott Nunez2

  • 1University of Texas Marine Science Institute, 750 Channel View Drive, Port Aransas, TX 78373, USA.

General and Comparative Endocrinology
|August 29, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Atlantic stingrays acclimating to freshwater show decreased plasma corticosteroids, supporting their unique osmoregulatory strategy. This pattern highlights the role of corticosteroids in adapting to different salinities.

Keywords:
1α-HydroxycorticosteroneCorticosteroidsElasmobranchEuryhalineOsmoregulation

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Area of Science:

  • Comparative Physiology
  • Endocrinology
  • Osmoregulation

Background:

  • Elasmobranch corticosteroid hormone 1α-hydroxycorticosterone (1α-B) is thought to act as both a glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid.
  • Antinatriuretic mineralocorticoid activity conflicts with the osmoregulatory needs of euryhaline elasmobranchs in freshwater (FW).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the hypothesis that FW acclimation decreases plasma corticosteroids in euryhaline elasmobranchs.
  • To clarify the mineralocorticoid role of corticosteroids in elasmobranch osmoregulation during salinity changes.

Main Methods:

  • Atlantic stingrays (Dasyatis sabina) were transferred from seawater (SW) to FW over 12 hours using a low-stress system.
  • Plasma and interrenal tissues were sampled at 24 hours and two weeks post-transfer, with SW controls.

Main Results:

  • FW-acclimated stingrays exhibited significantly lower plasma corticosteroids, osmolality, chloride, and urea at 24 hours compared to controls.
  • This pattern persisted at two weeks, although plasma corticosteroids returned to pre-acclimation levels.
  • No significant differences in mRNA levels of key steroidogenic enzymes were observed between groups.

Conclusions:

  • Temporally decreased corticosteroid levels during FW acclimation align with the osmoregulatory strategy of euryhaline elasmobranchs.
  • Lower plasma osmolality in FW environments reduces hydromineral gradients, a key adaptation for these species.