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Related Concept Videos

Sequences01:29

Sequences

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Sequences are fundamental mathematical objects consisting of ordered lists of numbers that follow a specific rule or pattern. Sequences are critical in various mathematical concepts, including calculus, series, and number theory. They can model real-world phenomena such as population growth, financial investments, and physical processes like the diminishing height of a bouncing ball.Each number in a sequence is referred to as a term. Typically, the terms are denoted as a1, a2, a3,…, where...
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Genomics02:02

Genomics

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Genomics is the science of genomes: it is the study of all the genetic material of an organism. In humans, the genome consists of information carried in 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus, as well as mitochondrial DNA. In genomics, both coding and non-coding DNA is sequenced and analyzed. Genomics allows a better understanding of all living things, their evolution, and their diversity. It has a myriad of uses: for example, to build phylogenetic trees, to improve productivity and...
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Diploid organisms inherit genetic material through chromosomes from both parents. Copies of the same gene are known as alleles. In most cases, both alleles are simultaneously expressed and allow various cellular processes to function optimally. If one of the alleles is missing or mutated, the expression of the other allele can compensate; however, this is not true for all genes.
The expression of some genes depends on which parent passed the gene to the offspring, through a phenomenon known as...
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Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes03:21

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While every living organism has a genome of some kind (be it RNA, or DNA), there is considerable variation in the sizes of these blueprints. One major factor that impacts genome size is whether the organism is prokaryotic or eukaryotic. In prokaryotes, the genome contains little to no non-coding sequence, such that genes are tightly clustered in groups or operons sequentially along the chromosome. Conversely, the genes in eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of non-coding sequence.
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Cis-regulatory sequences are short fragments of non-coding DNA that are present on the same chromosomes as the genes that they regulate. These fragments serve as binding sites for transcriptional regulators, proteins that are responsible for controlling gene transcription and differential gene expression across cell types in eukaryotes. Cis-regulatory sequences can be close to the gene of interest or thousands of bases away in the DNA sequence; however, those sequences that are further away are...
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Comparing Mitochondrial, Chloroplast, and Prokaryotic Genomes02:16

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The present-day mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes have retained some of the characteristics of their ancestral prokaryotes and also have acquired new attributes during their evolution within eukaryotic cells. Like prokaryotic genomes, mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes neither bind with histone-like proteins nor show complex packaging into chromosome-like structures, as observed in eukaryotes. Unlike mitotic cell divisions observed in eukaryotic cells, mitochondria and chloroplasts...
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Complete genome sequence of Bacillus thuringiensis HS18-1.

Qiao Li1, Ting Zou1, Peng Ai1

  • 1Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.

Journal of Biotechnology
|August 29, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Bacillus thuringiensis HS18-1, a microbial insect control agent, has its complete genome sequenced. This bacterium shows toxicity against Lepidoptera and Diptera insects and possesses various crystal genes.

Keywords:
Gapless chromosomeGenomic featurePesticidal genesPlasmid sequences

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Genomics
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Bacillus thuringiensis is a spore-forming bacterium widely utilized for microbial insect control.
  • The strain HS18-1 exhibits significant toxicity against Lepidoptera and Diptera insect orders.
  • This bacterium harbors diverse parasporal crystal genes crucial for its insecticidal activity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the complete genome sequence of Bacillus thuringiensis HS18-1.
  • To provide a comprehensive genomic resource for understanding its insecticidal properties.

Main Methods:

  • Whole-genome sequencing of Bacillus thuringiensis HS18-1.
  • Bioinformatic analysis of the resulting genome sequence.

Main Results:

  • The complete genome of B. thuringiensis HS18-1 consists of a single, circular, gapless chromosome.
  • The genome also includes nine distinct circular plasmids.
  • The identified parasporal crystal genes include cry4Cb1, cry50Aa1, cry69Ab1, cry30Ga, cry30Ea, cry70Aa, cry71Aa, cry72Aa, cry56Aa, and cry54Ba.

Conclusions:

  • The complete genome sequence of B. thuringiensis HS18-1 provides valuable insights into its genetic makeup.
  • This genomic information can facilitate further research and development of B. thuringiensis-based biopesticides.
  • Understanding the genetic basis of its toxicity can aid in optimizing its efficacy against target pests.