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Transgenic Plants

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Recombinant DNA technology called transgenesis is often used to add a foreign gene or remove a detrimental gene from an organism. Such genetically modified organisms are called transgenic organisms.
The first-ever transgenic plant was a tobacco plant developed in 1983 that showed resistance against the tobacco mosaic virus. Since then, many transgenic plants have been developed and commercialized for improving the agricultural, ornamental, and horticultural value of a crop plant. Transgenic...

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Export of Mitochondrial and Chloroplast Genes

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A eukaryotic cell can have up to three different types of genetic systems: nuclear, mitochondrial, and chloroplast. During evolution, organelles have exported many genes to the nucleus; this transfer is still ongoing in some plant species. Approximately 18% of the Arabidopsis thaliana nuclear genome is thought to be derived from the chloroplast’s cyanobacterial ancestor, and around 75% of the yeast genome derived from the mitochondria’s bacterial ancestor. This export has occurred...

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Co-expression of Multiple Chimeric Fluorescent Fusion Proteins in an Efficient Way in Plants

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Engineered Minichromosomes in Plants: Structure, Function, and Applications.

Nathaniel D Graham¹, Jon P Cody¹, Nathan C Swyers¹

¹Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.

International Review of Cell and Molecular Biology

|August 29, 2015

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Engineered minichromosomes offer a novel way to create transgenic plants by carrying desired genes separately from the main chromosomes. This method enhances gene transfer efficiency and avoids disrupting native genes.

Keywords:

B chromosome Gene stacking Genome editing Minichromosome Plant transformation Site-specific recombination Synthetic chromosome Telomere truncation

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Last Updated: Apr 4, 2026

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Generating Transgenic Plants with Single-copy Insertions Using BIBAC-GW Binary Vector

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Published on: March 28, 2018

Area of Science:

Plant biotechnology
Molecular genetics
Chromosomal engineering

Background:

Engineered minichromosomes are autonomous genetic elements separate from endogenous chromosomes.
Their unique structure facilitates targeted gene delivery in plants, minimizing risks of insertional mutagenesis.
Supernumerary B chromosomes in plants serve as a valuable resource for minichromosome construction.

Purpose of the Study:

To explore the utility of engineered minichromosomes for efficient transgene integration and transfer in plants.
To highlight methods for creating and manipulating minichromosomes for agricultural applications.
To demonstrate how minichromosomes can streamline the development of homozygous transgenic lines.

Main Methods:

Telomere-mediated truncation for minichromosome creation.
Utilizing supernumerary B chromosomes as a base for engineered minichromosomes.
Employing site-specific recombination systems for transgene manipulation.
Bacterial artificial chromosome vectors for introducing multiple transgenes.
Haploid induction systems for efficient minichromosome transfer.

Main Results:

Telomere-mediated truncation proves reliable for minichromosome synthesis in plants.
Site-specific recombination allows dynamic transgene addition/subtraction in vivo.
Binary BAC vectors enable simultaneous introduction of numerous transgenes.
Haploid induction coupled with minichromosomes facilitates rapid generation of homozygous lines.

Conclusions:

Engineered minichromosomes provide a robust platform for plant genetic engineering.
This technology simplifies transgene introgression and accelerates the development of elite crop varieties.
Minichromosomes offer precise control over transgene expression and inheritance.