Related Experiment Video
Updated: Apr 4, 2026
Preparation of Primary Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Cells in Different Cell Cycle Phases by Centrifugal Elutriation
Published on: November 10, 2017
A Novel Natural Product, KL-21, Inhibits Proliferation and Induces Apoptosis in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Cells
Aysun Adan Gökbulut, Mustafa Yaşar, Yusuf Baran1
1İzmir Institute of Technology Faculty of Science, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, İzmir, Turkey Phone: +90 232 750 73 15
Objective:
The aims of this study were to examine the cytotoxic and apoptotic effects of KL-21, a novel plant product (produced by Naturin Natural Products, İzmir, Turkey), on 232B4 chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells and to determine the cytotoxic effects on healthy BEAS-2B human bronchial epithelial cells.
Materials And Methods:
The cytotoxic effect of KL-21 was determined by MTT cell proliferation assay. Changes in caspase-3 enzyme activity were measured using the caspase-3 colorimetric assay. Changes in mitochondrial membrane potential were determined using the JC-1 dye-based method. Annexin V-FITC/PI double staining was performed to measure the apoptotic cell population. Effects of KL-21 on cell cycle profiles of CLL cells were investigated by flow cytometry.
Results:
We detected time- and concentration-dependent increases in the cytotoxic effect of KL-21 on 232B4 CLL cells. However, we also showed that, especially at higher concentrations, KL-21 was less cytotoxic towards BEAS-2B healthy cells than towards CLL cells. Annexin-V/PI double staining results showed that the apoptotic cell population increased in 232B4 cells. Increasing concentrations of KL-21 increased caspase-3 enzyme activity and induced loss of mitochondrial membrane potential. KL-21 administration resulted in small increases in the percentage of the cells in the G0/G1 phase while it decreased the S phase cell population up to 1 mg/mL. At the highest concentration, most of the cells accumulated in the G0/G1 phase.
Conclusion:
KL-21 has a growth-inhibitory effect on 232B4 CLL cells. KL-21 causes apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at G0/G1.
Insights
KL-21, a novel plant product, effectively inhibits the growth of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells by inducing apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. It shows selective cytotoxicity, sparing healthy bronchial cells.
Area of Science:
- * Pharmacology
- * Molecular Biology
- * Cancer Research
Background:
- * Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a B-cell malignancy with limited treatment options.
- * Novel therapeutic agents are needed to target CLL cells selectively.
- * Plant-derived compounds are a promising source for new anti-cancer drugs.
Purpose of the Study:
- * To evaluate the cytotoxic and apoptotic effects of KL-21 on 232B4 CLL cells.
- * To assess the selective toxicity of KL-21 on healthy BEAS-2B bronchial epithelial cells.
- * To investigate the impact of KL-21 on CLL cell cycle progression.
Main Methods:
- * MTT assay for cell proliferation and cytotoxicity.
- * Caspase-3 colorimetric assay for apoptosis.
- * JC-1 dye for mitochondrial membrane potential assessment.
- * Annexin V-FITC/PI staining and flow cytometry for apoptosis and cell cycle analysis.
Main Results:
- * KL-21 demonstrated time- and concentration-dependent cytotoxicity against 232B4 CLL cells.
- * KL-21 exhibited lower cytotoxicity towards healthy BEAS-2B cells, indicating selectivity.
- * Apoptotic cell population, caspase-3 activity, and mitochondrial membrane potential loss increased with KL-21 treatment.
- * KL-21 induced cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase in CLL cells.
Conclusions:
- * KL-21 possesses significant growth-inhibitory effects on 232B4 CLL cells.
- * KL-21 induces apoptosis and G0/G1 cell cycle arrest in CLL cells.
- * KL-21 shows potential as a selective therapeutic agent for CLL.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
01:31The Intrinsic Apoptotic Pathway
01:28Cells of the Innate Immune Response
Phagocytes
Phagocytes police the peripheral tissues by removing cellular debris and responding to the invasion of foreign substances or pathogens. Many phagocytes attack and remove microorganisms even before lymphocytes detect them. The human body has two general...
02:50Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine
The combination of the drug acetazolamide and sulforaphane is a good example of combination therapy to treat cancer. The cells in the interior of a large tumor often die due to the hypoxic and...