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Related Concept Videos

Overview of Exosomes01:36

Overview of Exosomes

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Exosomes are stable, lipid bilayer-enclosed vesicles capable of crossing biological barriers. They can carry a wide range of molecules required for intercellular communication. Once exosomes are released from the cell where they originated, they enter a recipient cell through various pathways such as fusion, receptor-mediated endocytosis, macropinocytosis, and phagocytosis.
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Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...
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Invadosome is a broad category of cell surface structures with proteolytic activity that  degrades the extracellular matrix (ECM). Invadosomes are present in normal cell types, including macrophages, endothelial cells, and neurons, as well as tumor cells. Although the macrophage podosomes and tumor cell invadopodia are classified as invadosomes, they have different structures, molecular pathways, and functions. Podosomes are short structures that last for a few minutes. However,...
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Related Experiment Video

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An Enrichment Method for Small Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Liver Cancer Tissue
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Exosomes and CAFs: partners in crime.

Benedetta Apollonio1, Alan G Ramsay1

  • 1KING'S COLLEGE LONDON.

Blood
|August 29, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) exosomes transfer cargo to stromal cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME). This process reprograms stromal cells into cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), impacting the tumor ecosystem.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Cell Biology
  • Cancer Research

Background:

  • Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a hematologic malignancy.
  • The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a critical role in cancer progression.
  • Exosomes are key mediators of intercellular communication in the TME.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the transfer of CLL-derived exosomes to stromal cells.
  • To determine the functional consequences of this exosome transfer.
  • To elucidate the role of exosomes in reprogramming the TME.

Main Methods:

  • Isolation and characterization of exosomes from CLL cells.
  • Co-culture of CLL-derived exosomes with primary stromal cells.
  • Analysis of molecular cargo transfer and cellular reprogramming using techniques like flow cytometry and gene expression profiling.

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Main Results:

  • CLL-derived exosomes were efficiently taken up by stromal cells.
  • Specific molecular cargo from CLL exosomes was transferred to stromal cells.
  • Stromal cells exhibited a significant shift towards a cancer-associated fibroblast (CAF) phenotype.

Conclusions:

  • Exosomes secreted by CLL cells actively reprogram stromal cells within the TME.
  • This reprogramming promotes the development of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs).
  • These findings highlight a novel mechanism of TME modulation in CLL.