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T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

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When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
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Several cytokine receptors have tightly bound Janus kinase or JAK proteins attached at their cytosolic tail. Small signaling molecules such as cytokines, growth hormones, or prolactins bind to the cytokine receptors and initiate their dimerization. The dimerization brings the cytosolic JAKs together that trans-phosphorylate and activates each other. The activated JAKs now phosphorylate cytosolic tails of the cytokine receptors, which serve as binding sites for adaptor proteins such as  SH2...
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Pleiotropy01:33

Pleiotropy

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Pleiotropy is the phenomenon in which a single gene impacts multiple, seemingly unrelated phenotypic traits. For example, defects in the SOX10 gene cause Waardenburg Syndrome Type 4, or WS4, which can cause defects in pigmentation, hearing impairments, and an absence of intestinal contractions necessary for elimination. This diversity of phenotypes results from the expression pattern of SOX10 in early embryonic and fetal development. SOX10 is found in neural crest cells that form melanocytes,...
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Embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells are excellent models for disease research because of their ability to self-renew and differentiate into most cell types. Somatic cells from a patient are isolated and reprogrammed into induced pluripotent stem cells or iPSCs. These iPSCs are later differentiated into the desired cell type, which mirrors the diseased cell of the patient. In this way, disease models have been created for investigating diseases such as Down syndrome, type I diabetes,...
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TGF - β Signaling Pathway01:16

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The TGF-β signaling pathway regulates cell growth, differentiation, adhesion, motility, and development. TGF-β ligands that induce TGF-β signaling are synthesized in their latent form. Several proteases or cell surface receptors such as integrins act upon the latent form, releasing the active ligand. There are three types of mammalian TGF-βs: (TGF-β1, TGF-β2, and TGF-β3) that bind as homodimers or heterodimers to TGF-β receptors. The TGF-β receptors...
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CXCL10 in psoriasis.

Silvia Martina Ferrari1, Ilaria Ruffilli1, Michele Colaci2

  • 1Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.

Advances in Medical Sciences
|August 31, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand (CXCL)10 plays a key role in psoriasis pathogenesis. Targeting the CXCR3/CXCL10 pathway shows promise for managing this inflammatory skin condition.

Keywords:
AutoimmunityCXCL10CXCR3Psoriasis

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Area of Science:

  • Immunodermatology
  • Molecular biology

Background:

  • Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand (CXCL)10 is implicated in the pathogenesis of psoriasis.
  • CXCL10 and its receptor CXCR3 are present in psoriatic plaques and decrease with successful treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of CXCL10 in psoriasis.
  • To evaluate CXCL10 as a potential biomarker for disease activity and progression.

Main Methods:

  • Detection of CXCL10 and CXCR3 in psoriatic lesions.
  • Analysis of CXCL10 serum levels in patients with psoriasis.
  • Correlation of CXCL10 levels with disease duration and comorbidities like autoimmune thyroiditis.

Main Results:

  • CXCL10 and CXCR3 are found in active psoriatic plaques.
  • Successful treatment reduces CXCL10 expression.
  • Elevated CXCL10 serum levels are observed in early-stage psoriasis with type 1 T helper cell predominance.
  • CXCL10 levels decline in long-lasting psoriasis.
  • Significantly higher CXCL10 levels are noted in psoriatic patients with autoimmune thyroiditis.

Conclusions:

  • CXCL10 is a significant factor in psoriasis development and activity.
  • CXCL10 may serve as a valuable marker for monitoring psoriasis activity and progression.
  • Modulating the CXCR3/CXCL10 axis is a potential therapeutic strategy for psoriasis.