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Updated: Apr 4, 2026

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Does human papillomavirus-negative condylomata exist?

Laila Sara Arroyo Mühr1, Davit Bzhalava1, Camilla Lagheden1

  • 1Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.

Virology
|August 31, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Deep metagenomic sequencing detects human papillomavirus (HPV) in nearly all condylomata, even those initially appearing "HPV-negative." This advanced method identifies novel HPV types and clarifies previous diagnostic limitations.

Keywords:
CondylomataHuman papillomavirusMetagenomic sequencing

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Genomics
  • Dermatology

Background:

  • Condylomata acuminata are primarily caused by human papillomavirus (HPV).
  • Conventional PCR methods detect HPV in over 96% of condylomata.
  • Some "HPV-negative" cases have been found to contain HPV via metagenomic sequencing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To re-evaluate "HPV-negative" condylomata using enhanced metagenomic sequencing.
  • To identify HPV in cases previously considered negative by standard methods.

Main Methods:

  • Whole genome amplified DNA from 40 "HPV-negative" condylomata samples were sequenced.
  • Deep metagenomic sequencing was employed for comprehensive viral detection.

Main Results:

  • HPV was detected in 37 out of 40 (92.5%) "HPV-negative" condylomata specimens.
  • A total of 75 distinct HPV types were identified, including 43 novel putative types.
  • Molluscum contagiosum virus was found in 24 of the 40 samples.

Conclusions:

  • Deep sequencing significantly enhances HPV detection in condylomata, approaching near-universal identification.
  • "HPV-negative" diagnoses can be attributed to misdiagnosis, low viral loads, or novel/variant HPV types.