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Related Experiment Video

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Traditional Trail Making Test Modified into Brand-new Assessment Tools: Digital and Walking Trail Making Test
08:07

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Published on: November 23, 2019

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The Trail Making Test.

Jordi Llinàs-Reglà1,2, Joan Vilalta-Franch1,2,3, Secundino López-Pousa1,2,3

  • 11 Memory clinic, Hospital de Santa Caterina, Salt, Spain.

Assessment
|August 31, 2015
PubMed
Summary

This study examined the Trail Making Test (TMT) in older adults, finding it relates to visual scanning, processing speed, and executive functions. Normative data were established for this important cognitive assessment tool.

Keywords:
Trail Making Testcognitionexecutive functionneuropsychological testspsychometricsreference standards

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Area of Science:

  • Neuropsychology
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • The Trail Making Test (TMT) assesses visual scanning, graphomotor speed, and executive functions.
  • There is a need for normative data for the TMT in older, community-dwelling populations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationships between TMT performance and other neuropsychological measures.
  • To establish normative data for the TMT in Spanish-speaking adults aged 55 and older.

Main Methods:

  • A population-based sample of 2,564 Spanish-speaking individuals aged 55+ was recruited.
  • Participants completed the TMT, Symbol Digit Test, Stroop Color-Word Test, Digit Span Test, Verbal Fluency tests, and MacQuarrie Test for Mechanical Ability tapping subtest.
  • Exploratory factor analyses and linear regression models were employed.

Main Results:

  • Normative data for TMT scores were generated for 1,923 participants.
  • Performance on the TMT was associated with scores from the Symbol Digit Test, MacQuarrie Test, Stroop Test, and Digit Span Test.
  • TMT-A performance correlated with visual scanning and processing speed, while TMT-B performance related to working memory and inhibition.

Conclusions:

  • The TMT is influenced by various cognitive domains, with specific components relating to different neuropsychological measures.
  • Normative data stratified by age, education, and sex are crucial for accurate TMT interpretation in older adults.
  • This study provides valuable normative data for the TMT in a Spanish-speaking older adult population.