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Related Concept Videos

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The distribution law or Nernst's distribution law is the law that governs the distribution of a solute between two immiscible solvents. This law, also known as the partition law, states that if a solute is added to the mixture of two immiscible solvents at a constant temperature, the solute is distributed between the two solvents in such a way that the ratio of solute concentrations in the solvents remains constant at equilibrium.
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Heteronuclear single-quantum correlation spectroscopy (HSQC) is a 2D NMR technique that reveals one-bond correlations between hydrogen and a heteronucleus. The HSQC experiment is similar to the heteronuclear correlation experiment (HETCOR) but is more sensitive. In the HSQC spectrum, the proton chemical shift is plotted on the horizontal F2 axis, while the 13C chemical shift is plotted on the vertical F1 axis. The corresponding proton and 13C spectra are also shown. The HSQC contour plot does...
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Updated: Apr 4, 2026

Synthesis of Cyclic Polymers and Characterization of Their Diffusive Motion in the Melt State at the Single Molecule Level
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Diffusion Coefficient-Formula Weight (D-FW) Analysis of (2)H Diffusion-Ordered NMR Spectroscopy (DOSY).

Jie Guang1, Russell Hopson1, Paul G Williard1

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Brown University , Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States.

The Journal of Organic Chemistry
|August 31, 2015
PubMed
Summary

We extended the D-FW analysis using deuterium (2H) DOSY NMR, overcoming limitations of proton (1H) DOSY. This method reliably determines solution-state structures, like dimeric lithium diisopropyl amide (LDA) complexes.

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Area of Science:

  • Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
  • Supramolecular Chemistry
  • Analytical Chemistry

Background:

  • Proton (1H) Diffusion Ordered Spectroscopy (DOSY) is limited by peak overlap.
  • The Diffusion-Friction (D-FW) analysis offers insights into molecular size and interactions.
  • A need exists for more robust methods to analyze complex mixtures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To extend the D-FW analysis using deuterium (2H) DOSY NMR.
  • To demonstrate the reliability and applicability of the (2H) D-FW method.
  • To analyze the solution-state structure of THF-solvated lithium diisopropyl amide (LDA).

Main Methods:

  • Utilized referenced (2H) DOSY NMR spectroscopy.
  • Applied the D-FW analysis, establishing a linear relationship between log D and log FW (R(2) > 0.99).
  • Investigated THF-solvated LDA in hydrocarbon solvent, including compounds with exchangeable protons labeled with (2H).

Main Results:

  • Confirmed a linear relationship (R(2) > 0.99) underpinning the D-FW analysis.
  • Observed an equilibrium between monosolvated and disolvated dimeric LDA complexes.
  • Demonstrated successful application of (2H) D-FW analysis on a compound with an exchangeable proton.

Conclusions:

  • The (2H) DOSY D-FW analysis provides results consistent with (1H) DOSY.
  • This technique significantly expands the applicability of D-FW analysis.
  • The method is reliable for determining solution-state structures and molecular interactions, even in complex systems.