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Related Concept Videos

Noble Gases02:54

Noble Gases

23.5K

The elements in group 18 are noble gases (helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, and radon). They earned the name “noble” because they were assumed to be nonreactive since they have filled valence shells. In 1962, Dr. Neil Bartlett at the University of British Columbia proved this assumption to be false.
23.5K
Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Overview01:20

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Overview

4.3K
Atomic emission spectroscopy (AES) is an analytical technique used to determine the elemental composition of a sample by analyzing the light emitted from excited atoms. In AES, atoms in a sample are excited to higher energy levels by thermal energy from high-temperature sources, such as plasma, arcs, or sparks. When these excited atoms return to lower energy states, they emit light at specific wavelengths characteristic of each element. The resulting atomic emission spectrum, which consists of...
4.3K
Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Interference01:30

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Interference

754
In atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), high-temperature atomizers excite a broad range of elements and molecules that generate complex emissions from sources such as oxides, hydroxides, and flame combustion products in the flame or plasma. Several strategies can be employed to minimize spectral interferences caused by overlapping emission lines or bands. These include increasing instrument resolution, choosing alternative emission lines, optimally placing the detector in low-background regions,...
754
Types of Radioactivity03:23

Types of Radioactivity

21.4K
The most common types of radioactivity are α decay, β decay, γ decay, neutron emission, and electron capture.
Alpha (α) decay is the emission of an α particle from the nucleus. For example, polonium-210 undergoes α decay:
21.4K
Nuclear Transmutation03:20

Nuclear Transmutation

21.0K
Nuclear transmutation is the conversion of one nuclide into another. It can occur by the radioactive decay of a nucleus, or the reaction of a nucleus with another particle. The first manmade nucleus was produced in Ernest Rutherford’s laboratory in 1919 by a transmutation reaction, the bombardment of one type of nuclei with other nuclei or with neutrons. Rutherford bombarded nitrogen-14 atoms with high-speed α particles from a natural radioactive isotope of radium and observed...
21.0K
Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:22

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

1.6K
The instrumentation of atomic emission spectrometry (AES) involves various components, including atomization devices that convert samples into gas-phase atoms and ions. There are two main types of atomization devices: continuous and discrete atomizers.  Continuous atomizers, like plasmas and flames, introduce samples in a constant stream, while discrete atomizers inject individual samples using syringes or autosamplers. The most common discrete atomizer is the electrothermal atomizer.
1.6K

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Related Experiment Videos

Radioxenon spiked air.

Matthew G Watrous1, James E Delmore1, Robert K Hague1

  • 1Idaho National Laboratory, 2525 N. Fremont Avenue, Idaho Falls, ID 83415, USA.

Journal of Environmental Radioactivity
|August 31, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Radioactive xenon isotopes are key indicators of nuclear events. Idaho National Laboratory can produce these isotopes for global monitoring systems, enhancing the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty verification capabilities.

Keywords:
Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT)RadioxenonXenon spiked air

Related Experiment Videos

Area of Science:

  • Nuclear Chemistry
  • Environmental Monitoring
  • Radiochemistry

Background:

  • Radioactive xenon isotopes (Xe-131m, Xe-133m, Xe-133, Xe-135) are fission products with atmospheric transport potential.
  • Releases can originate from nuclear reactors, medical isotope facilities, and nuclear detonations, necessitating robust monitoring.
  • The Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT) utilizes a global network for detecting nuclear events.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess Idaho National Laboratory's (INL) capability in producing pure radioactive xenon isotopes.
  • To develop methods for creating spiked air samples using four xenon isotopes for calibration.
  • To support the International Monitoring System (IMS) for CTBT verification.

Main Methods:

  • Production of three pure radioactive xenon isotopes at INL.
  • Preparation of radioactive xenon spiked air samples using four isotopes in various combinations.
  • Focus on quality control standards for inter-station data defensibility.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated INL's capability to produce specific xenon isotopes.
  • Developed methodology for creating standardized spiked air samples.
  • Proposed use of these standards to ensure consistent IMS station performance.

Conclusions:

  • INL can supply essential radioactive xenon standards for global nuclear monitoring.
  • Standardized calibration samples will improve the reliability and defensibility of CTBT data.
  • Enhanced monitoring capabilities contribute to international security and non-proliferation efforts.