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Reaction time-related activity reflecting periodic, task-specific cognitive control.

Anita D Barber1, James J Pekar1, Stewart H Mostofsky1

  • 1Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.

Behavioural Brain Research
|August 31, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Reaction time (RT) effects in brain activity are distinct from primary task demands, reflecting periodically engaged, task-specific cognitive processes. These RT-BOLD effects vary by task, highlighting domain-specific neural recruitment.

Keywords:
AttentionCognitive controlReaction timesfMRI

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Neuroimaging

Background:

  • Reaction time (RT) is linked to Blood Oxygen-Level Dependent (BOLD) responses in cognitive control areas.
  • The relationship between RT-BOLD effects and primary condition (PC) effects requires clarification.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine if RT-BOLD effects and PC effects engage the same cognitive processes.
  • To investigate if RT-BOLD effects are task-dependent, reflecting specific cognitive processes.
  • To differentiate RT-related activity from time-on-task (ToT).

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of BOLD responses during two Go/No-go tasks with varying cognitive demands.
  • Data simulations to distinguish RT-related activity from PC effects using mean-centering.
  • Examination of RT-BOLD effects across different task types.

Main Results:

  • RT-related activity was largely distinct from the primary Go contrast, especially in a perceptual decision task.
  • Simulations confirmed RT-related activity reflects periodically-engaged processes, not ToT.
  • RT-BOLD effects localized to distinct brain regions depending on task demands (occipital/parietal for perceptual, fronto-parietal for working memory).

Conclusions:

  • RT effects capture cognitive processes beyond the primary condition contrast.
  • RT-related neural activity is task-specific and periodically engaged.
  • Task-specific RT-BOLD effects suggest recruitment of domain-specific cognitive processes, particularly in less demanding tasks.