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Suck-Swallow-Breathe Dynamics in Breastfed Infants
Vanessa S Sakalidis1, Donna T Geddes2
1Medela Australia, Heatherton, Melbourne, Australia School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia vanessasakalidis@gmail.com.
Summary
Understanding infant suck-swallow-breathe coordination during breastfeeding is crucial. This review highlights vacuum as key for milk removal, but more research is needed on breathing and cardiorespiratory patterns for effective interventions.
Area of Science:
- Infant feeding dynamics
- Developmental pediatrics
- Lactation science
Background:
- Current understanding of the suck-swallow-breathe (SSwB) reflex largely stems from bottle-feeding studies.
- Breastfeeding mechanics differ significantly from bottle feeding, necessitating specific research.
- A comprehensive view of SSwB and milk removal during breastfeeding is essential for infant health.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically review the evidence on milk removal mechanisms during breastfeeding.
- To evaluate the coordination of sucking, swallowing, breathing (SSwB), and cardiorespiratory patterns in term infants during breastfeeding.
- To assess how these patterns evolve with infant maturation and within a single breastfeeding session.
Main Methods:
- Systematic literature search of PubMed and MEDLINE databases.
- Inclusion of 17 studies focusing on healthy term infants during breastfeeding.
- Narrative synthesis of selected studies evaluating milk removal and SSwB patterns.
Main Results:
- Nine studies confirmed that vacuum generation is fundamental for milk removal from the breast.
- Data regarding the coordination of swallowing, breathing, and cardiorespiratory control during breastfeeding yielded mixed results.
- Significant variability was observed across breastfeeding studies, indicating dynamic changes in SSwB and cardiorespiratory patterns with maturation and during feeding.
Conclusions:
- Vacuum is essential for milk removal during breastfeeding.
- Further research with consistent methodologies is required to understand SSwB and cardiorespiratory coordination.
- Findings suggest potential for developing targeted breastfeeding interventions, but require standardized parameters for efficacy testing.
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