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DSM-5: Challenging diagnostic testimony.

Leigh D Hagan1, Thomas J Guilmette2

  • 1Independent Practice, Chesterfield VA, USA; Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, USA.

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The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) has evolved significantly, but its use in legal settings, particularly for forensic psychological testimony, presents challenges. This review examines DSM-5

Keywords:
DSM-5Expert TestimonyForensic Psychology

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Area of Science:

  • Psychiatry
  • Psychology
  • Forensic Psychology

Background:

  • The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) has undergone a complex 60-year evolution.
  • Its construction, purpose, framework, and disorder inclusion have not followed a linear or cumulative path.
  • The DSM is a critical tool in mental health diagnosis and treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the stated purpose of the DSM-5 in the context of psychological expert testimony.
  • To analyze the complications and criticisms of using DSM-5 for forensic purposes.
  • To identify challenges experts may face when providing diagnostic opinions based on DSM-5, especially for neurocognitive disorders.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and critical analysis of the DSM-5.
  • Examination of legal rules of evidence relevant to expert testimony.
  • Focus on the application of DSM-5 in forensic psychological evaluations.

Main Results:

  • The DSM-5's utility in forensic settings is questioned due to its evolution and inherent limitations.
  • Explicit cautions within the DSM-5 and evidentiary rules complicate its use in legal testimony.
  • Specific challenges arise when diagnosing neurocognitive disorders using the DSM-5 in forensic contexts.

Conclusions:

  • The DSM-5 presents significant challenges for its application in psychological expert testimony.
  • Forensic experts must anticipate and address these challenges when formulating diagnostic opinions.
  • Careful consideration of the DSM-5's limitations is crucial for credible forensic evaluations.