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Pathological personality traits modulate neural interactions.

Lisa M James1,2,3, Brian E Engdahl4,5,6,7, Arthur C Leuthold4,7

  • 1Brain Sciences Center, Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, 55417, USA. Lisa.James2@va.gov.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Resting-state neural network connectivity differs between healthy individuals and those with psychopathology. Personality traits show decorrelation in controls but hyper-correlation in patients, particularly for disinhibition and negative affect.

Keywords:
DSM-5DecorrelationMagnetoencephalographyNeuroimagingPID-5Personality

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Psychology

Background:

  • The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) includes a dimensional model of personality pathology.
  • The Personality Inventory for the DSM-5 (PID-5) assesses these personality traits.
  • Understanding neural network properties linked to personality pathology is crucial for psychiatric research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate resting-state neural network properties associated with DSM-5 maladaptive personality domains.
  • To compare neural-personality trait relationships in healthy veterans versus those with psychiatric disorders.

Main Methods:

  • Magnetoencephalography (MEG) was used to measure neural activity in 150 healthy veterans and 179 veterans with psychopathology.
  • Functional connectivity was quantified using the absolute value of the pairwise correlation coefficient (aCC) between MEG sensor time series.
  • Linear regression models assessed the relationship between PID-5 scores and neural functional connectivity, controlling for age and gender.

Main Results:

  • Personality domains generally showed a negative effect (decorrelation) on neural connectivity in the control group.
  • Conversely, personality domains exhibited a positive effect (hyper-correlation) on neural connectivity in the psychopathology group.
  • This dissociation was most prominent for disinhibition, psychoticism, and negative affect domains.

Conclusions:

  • This study reveals a fundamental difference in how personality traits relate to neural network properties between healthy individuals and those with psychopathology.
  • These findings provide novel insights into the neural underpinnings of personality pathology.
  • The results highlight distinct patterns of neural functional connectivity associated with specific maladaptive personality domains in different groups.