Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Diversity of Protists II01:27

Diversity of Protists II

2.2K
Alveolates are a group of organisms recognized by the presence of alveoli, which are cytoplasmic sacs located beneath the cell membrane. While their function remains uncertain, alveoli may help regulate water balance by controlling how much water enters and leaves the cell. In dinoflagellates, these structures may serve as armor plates. There are three major types of alveolates: ciliates, which move using cilia; dinoflagellates, which use flagella for movement; and apicomplexans, which are...
2.2K
Diversity of Protists I01:15

Diversity of Protists I

2.2K
Excavata is a diverse group of protists that includes both chemoorganotrophic and phototrophic species, with some thriving in anaerobic environments. Among the key groups within Excavata are diplomonads and parabasalids, which are flagellated protists that lack mitochondria and chloroplasts. These microorganisms typically inhabit anoxic environments, such as the intestines of animals, where they exist either symbiotically or as parasites, relying on fermentation for energy production. Some...
2.2K
Bacterial Phylum Tenericutes01:24

Bacterial Phylum Tenericutes

588
The phylum Tenericutes, which includes the single class Mollicutes, comprises bacteria that lack cell walls. The term "Mollicutes" derives from the Latin word mollis, meaning "soft." These organisms are among the smallest known and are commonly referred to as mycoplasmas due to the prominence of the genus Mycoplasma, which includes well-known human pathogens. Despite their inability to stain gram-positively (a result of their lack of cell walls), mycoplasmas are phylogenetically related to the...
588
Epiphytes, Parasites, and Carnivores02:40

Epiphytes, Parasites, and Carnivores

17.2K
Plants often form mutualistic relationships with soil-dwelling fungi or bacteria to enhance their roots’ nutrient uptake ability. Root-colonizing fungi (e.g., mycorrhizae) increase a plant’s root surface area, which promotes nutrient absorption. While root-colonizing, nitrogen-fixing bacteria (e.g., rhizobia) convert atmospheric nitrogen (N2) into ammonia (NH3), making nitrogen available to plants for various biological functions. For example, nitrogen is essential for the...
17.2K
The Anatomy of Chloroplasts01:08

The Anatomy of Chloroplasts

9.3K
Green algae and plants, including green stems and unripe fruit, harbor specialized organelles called chloroplasts to carry out photosynthesis. They coordinate both stages of photosynthesis — the light-dependent reactions and the light-independent reactions. The light-dependent reactions use sunlight to release oxygen and produce chemical energy in the form of ATP and NADPH, and the light-independent reactions capture CO2 and use ATP and NADPH to produce sugar.
Structure of...
9.3K
Plasmodesmata01:20

Plasmodesmata

4.6K
In a multicellular organism, cells must communicate to work together in a coordinated manner. One way that cells communicate is through direct contact with other cells. The points of contact that connect adjacent cells are called intercellular junctions.
Intercellular junctions are a feature of fungal, plant, and animal cells. However, different types of junctions are found in different kinds of cells. Intercellular junctions found in animal cells include tight junctions, gap junctions, and...
4.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

The first detection of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) genogroup U in western Europe in the first IHNV outbreak in Finland.

Research in veterinary science·2026
Same author

Whole-genome sequencing reveals a novel <i>Renibacterium salmoninarum</i> lineage and suggests geographic endemism combined with anthropogenic spread in the North-East Atlantic Area.

Applied and environmental microbiology·2026
Same author

The genomic basis of adaptive leaf variation in the Galápagos giant daisies.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Correction: A novel high-throughput qPCR chip for solving co-infections in RAS farmed rainbow trout.

Scientific reports·2026
Same author

Repeated loss of plastid NDH during evolution of land plants.

Annals of botany·2025
Same author

Bursts of Rapid Diversification, Dispersals Out of Southern Africa, and Two Origins of Dioecy Punctuate the Evolution of Asparagus.

Genome biology and evolution·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 4, 2026

Mistletoe Eradicator - A Novel Tool for Simultaneous Mechanical and Chemical Control of Mistletoe
06:16

Mistletoe Eradicator - A Novel Tool for Simultaneous Mechanical and Chemical Control of Mistletoe

Published on: March 1, 2022

4.8K

Plastome Evolution in Hemiparasitic Mistletoes.

Gitte Petersen1, Argelia Cuenca2, Ole Seberg2

  • 1Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Denmark gittep@snm.ku.dk.

Genome Biology and Evolution
|August 31, 2015
PubMed
Summary

The plastomes of parasitic Santalales plants, including mistletoes, show significant gene loss and rearrangements. These evolutionary changes in plant parasitic genomes are linked to their reliance on host plants.

Keywords:
Viscumgene losshemiparasiteintergenic regionspseudogenesselectionstructural rearrangements

More Related Videos

Leveraging Micro-CT Scanning to Analyze Parasitic Plant-Host Interactions
06:23

Leveraging Micro-CT Scanning to Analyze Parasitic Plant-Host Interactions

Published on: January 12, 2022

2.6K
Preparing Lamellae from Vitreous Biological Samples Using a Dual-Beam Scanning Electron Microscope for Cryo-Electron Tomography
07:00

Preparing Lamellae from Vitreous Biological Samples Using a Dual-Beam Scanning Electron Microscope for Cryo-Electron Tomography

Published on: August 5, 2021

4.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 4, 2026

Mistletoe Eradicator - A Novel Tool for Simultaneous Mechanical and Chemical Control of Mistletoe
06:16

Mistletoe Eradicator - A Novel Tool for Simultaneous Mechanical and Chemical Control of Mistletoe

Published on: March 1, 2022

4.8K
Leveraging Micro-CT Scanning to Analyze Parasitic Plant-Host Interactions
06:23

Leveraging Micro-CT Scanning to Analyze Parasitic Plant-Host Interactions

Published on: January 12, 2022

2.6K
Preparing Lamellae from Vitreous Biological Samples Using a Dual-Beam Scanning Electron Microscope for Cryo-Electron Tomography
07:00

Preparing Lamellae from Vitreous Biological Samples Using a Dual-Beam Scanning Electron Microscope for Cryo-Electron Tomography

Published on: August 5, 2021

4.4K

Area of Science:

  • Plant Biology
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • The order Santalales comprises predominantly parasitic plants, with varying degrees of host dependence.
  • Understanding the genomic adaptations of parasitic plants is crucial for evolutionary studies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To sequence and analyze the complete plastomes of four Santalales species (one Osyris, three Viscum).
  • To investigate evolutionary changes in plastome structure and gene content in relation to parasitism.

Main Methods:

  • Whole plastome sequencing of Osyris and Viscum species.
  • Comparative genomic analysis of plastomes against typical angiosperms.
  • Identification of gene loss, pseudogenization, and structural rearrangements.

Main Results:

  • Santalales plastomes are reduced in size (10-22%) compared to Vitis.
  • Significant gene loss (e.g., matK, infA, ndh genes) and pseudogenization observed.
  • Rearrangements occurred, primarily near inverted repeats; relaxed selection on photosynthesis genes noted.
  • Plastome modifications are more pronounced in obligate parasites (Viscum) than facultative ones (Osyris).

Conclusions:

  • Parasitic plants exhibit substantial plastome reduction and structural changes.
  • These genomic alterations correlate with the degree of nutritional dependence on host plants.
  • The study provides insights into the evolutionary trajectory of parasitic plant genomes.