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Yawning: a possible confounding variable in EMG biofeedback studies.

R E Oman1, S J Sullivan, J Fleury

  • 1Centre de Recherche, Institut de Réadaptation de Montréal, Quebec, Canada.

Biofeedback and Self-Regulation
|December 1, 1989
PubMed
Summary
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Yawning can unexpectedly activate muscles during EMG biofeedback training, significantly increasing electrical activity in the anterior deltoid. This observation highlights yawning as a potential confounding factor in rehabilitation studies.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Rehabilitation Medicine
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Electromyography (EMG) biofeedback is a technique used in physical therapy to help patients regain voluntary muscle control.
  • Hemiplegic patients often exhibit impaired motor function in one side of the body, typically after a stroke.

Observation:

  • An elderly hemiplegic patient undergoing EMG biofeedback training exhibited synergistic upper limb flexion during yawning.
  • Electrical activity in the anterior deltoid muscle was recorded during yawning in training sessions.

Findings:

  • Peak EMG activity during yawning was substantially higher (e.g., 85.00 microV) compared to maximum voluntary isometric contractions (e.g., 4.33 microV) of the same limb.
  • This indicates a potent, involuntary muscle activation associated with the act of yawning.

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Implications:

  • Yawning may act as a significant confounding variable in EMG biofeedback studies, potentially skewing results.
  • Awareness of this phenomenon is crucial for accurate interpretation of EMG data in clinical and research settings.
  • Further investigation is needed to understand the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying this synergistic movement.