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Related Concept Videos

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The intestinal epithelial lining rapidly renews every 4 to 5 days. The renewal is facilitated by intestinal stem cells (ISCs) located at the base of the crypt– a gland located at the bottom of each villus. ISCs divide asymmetrically to form new stem cells and progenitor daughter cells. The daughter cells are called transit-amplifying (TA) cells which move upwards along the crypt and either differentiate into absorptive cells– the enterocytes or secretory cells– including the...
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The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
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Antigen Presenting Cells01:22

Antigen Presenting Cells

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The immune system is a complex network of cells and molecules that protects the body from foreign invaders. T cells, a type of white blood cell, play a crucial role in this process. They recognize and attack foreign substances, such as pathogens, that enter the body.
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Preparation of Single-cell Suspensions for Cytofluorimetric Analysis from Different Mouse Skin Regions
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ABCB5 Identifies Immunoregulatory Dermal Cells.

Tobias Schatton1, Jun Yang2, Sonja Kleffel3

  • 1Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Transplantation Research Center, Boston Children's Hospital and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.

Cell Reports
|September 1, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

ATP-binding cassette member B5 (ABCB5) identifies dermal immunoregulatory cells (DIRCs) with therapeutic potential. These cells suppress T cell proliferation and prolong allograft survival via programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) engagement.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology
  • Transplantation Science

Background:

  • Cell-based therapies offer promise for immune-mediated disorders.
  • Identifying specific immunomodulatory cell populations is crucial but challenging.
  • ATP-binding cassette member B5 (ABCB5) is explored as a marker for novel cell populations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and characterize a novel immunoregulatory cell population using ABCB5 as a marker.
  • To investigate the therapeutic potential of these ABCB5-expressing cells in transplantation models.
  • To elucidate the mechanism of action, particularly the role of programmed cell death 1 (PD-1).

Main Methods:

  • Isolation and purification of ABCB5-expressing dermal immunoregulatory cells (DIRCs).
  • Assessment of DIRC immunomodulatory functions, including T cell suppression and Treg induction in vitro.
  • Evaluation of allogeneic DIRC efficacy in major-histocompatibility-complex-mismatched cardiac allotransplantation models.
  • Investigation of the role of PD-1 in DIRC-mediated immunomodulation through blockade experiments.

Main Results:

  • ABCB5(+) DIRCs were identified as a distinct cell population with potent immunomodulatory functions.
  • Purified DIRCs suppressed T cell proliferation, evaded immune rejection, and induced regulatory T cells (Tregs) in vivo.
  • Allogeneic DIRCs significantly prolonged cardiac allograft survival in a transplantation model.
  • Blockade of DIRC-expressed PD-1 reversed DIRC-mediated T cell inhibition and Treg induction, and reduced allograft survival benefits.

Conclusions:

  • ABCB5(+) DIRCs represent a novel, therapeutically relevant immunoregulatory cell population.
  • DIRC-mediated immunomodulation is significantly dependent on the PD-1 pathway.
  • ABCB5(+) DIRCs hold promise as an expandable cell subset for cellular immunotherapy strategies.