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Related Concept Videos

Inductively Coupled Plasma–Mass Spectrometry (ICP–MS): Overview01:19

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In inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (ICP–MS), an inductively coupled plasma (ICP) torch is used as an atomizer and ionizer. Solid samples are dissolved and volatilized before being introduced into the high-temperature argon plasma, while solution samples are nebulized and passed through the high-temperature argon plasma. Plasma dissociates the analytes and ionizes their component atoms to form a mixture of positive ions and molecular species. The positive ions are then...
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Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) is the most widely used plasma source in atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), also known as Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES). The ICP source, or torch, consists of three concentric quartz tubes with argon gas flowing through them. A spark from a Tesla coil initiates the ionization of argon, generating a high-temperature plasma.
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Inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (ICP–MS) is a highly selective and sensitive technique for accurate elemental analysis. Though the analysis of ICP–MS mass spectra is comparatively straightforward, it is affected by spectroscopic and non-spectroscopic interferences. Spectroscopic interferences arise when the plasma contains ionic species with an m/z value the same as the analyte ion. Spectroscopic interference can be categorized as isobaric, polyatomic ions, and...
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Sample preparation is an essential step in the analytical process. It involves preparing a sample so that it can be analyzed accurately. The goal is to extract the analyte, the substance you want to measure, from the sample while removing any components that may interfere with the analysis. Sample preparation techniques vary depending on the physical state of the sample.
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In gas chromatography, the sample is introduced as a vapor plug into the carrier gas stream for high efficiency and resolution. A microsyringe injects the sample solution into a heated sample port, vaporizing it and mixing it with the carrier gas. This process is important to ensure the sample is properly prepared for analysis. Thermally sensitive samples can be injected directly into the column and volatilized by slowly increasing the column temperature.
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Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:26

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Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) is the common plasma source used in atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), a technique that detects and analyzes various elements in a sample. This method is often called inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES).
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A Microfluidic Chip for ICPMS Sample Introduction
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Sample Preparation Problem Solving for Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry with Liquid Introduction Systems

R Steven Pappas1

  • 1Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA 30341-3717, RPappas@cdc.gov.

Spectroscopy (Springfield, Or.)
|September 1, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Mastering sample preparation for inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) is key. Understanding analyte chemistry helps overcome challenges in liquid introduction and flow injection methods for accurate elemental analysis.

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Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Spectroscopy

Background:

  • Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) is a powerful analytical technique.
  • Liquid introduction, particularly flow injection, is the most common sample introduction method for ICP-MS.
  • Challenges remain in analyte determination and specialty applications, especially with complex matrices.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide guidance on sample preparation for ICP-MS with liquid introduction systems.
  • To address persistent challenges in analyte determination and memory effect elimination.
  • To equip analysts with strategies for diverse matrices and analytical problems.

Main Methods:

  • Adapted from instructional courses on sector field ICP-MS and plasma spectrochemistry.
  • Focuses on principles of liquid introduction and flow injection techniques.
  • Emphasizes understanding analyte chemistry for method development.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrates how understanding analyte chemistry aids in developing effective rinse-out and memory effect elimination strategies.
  • Provides a framework for successful elemental analysis across various sample types (solid and liquid) and matrices.
  • Highlights the importance of fundamental chemical principles in overcoming analytical limitations.

Conclusions:

  • A thorough grasp of analyte chemistry is crucial for optimizing ICP-MS sample introduction.
  • Effective sample preparation strategies, informed by chemical understanding, enhance analytical accuracy and broaden applicability.
  • This approach empowers analysts to tackle complex samples and challenging analytical scenarios in ICP-MS.