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Related Concept Videos

Auditory Pathway01:15

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Auditory pathways constitute the complex neural circuits responsible for transmitting and interpreting auditory information from the peripheral auditory system to the brain. Sound waves are initially captured by the outer ear, funneled through the ear canal, and reach the tympanic membrane (eardrum). These vibrations are transmitted via the middle ear's ossicles to the inner ear's cochlea.
When viewed cross-sectionally, the cochlea reveals the scala vestibuli and scala tympani flanking...
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The Cochlea01:13

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The cochlea is a coiled structure in the inner ear that contains hair cells—the sensory receptors of the auditory system. Sound waves are transmitted to the cochlea by small bones attached to the eardrum called the ossicles, which vibrate the oval window that leads to the inner ear. This causes fluid in the chambers of the cochlea to move, vibrating the basilar membrane.
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Immunolabeling and Counting Ribbon Synapses in Young Adult and Aged Gerbil Cochleae
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Characterization of auditory synaptic inputs to gerbil perirhinal cortex.

Vibhakar C Kotak1, Todd M Mowery1, Dan H Sanes1

  • 1Center for Neural Science, New York University New York, NY, USA.

Frontiers in Neural Circuits
|September 1, 2015
PubMed
Summary

The perirhinal cortex (PRh) receives auditory input from the auditory thalamus (MG) and auditory cortex (ACx). Auditory-driven inhibition dominates synaptic responses in this brain region.

Keywords:
auditory cortexcalciumintrinsicmedial geniculatesynaptic

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Auditory Neuroscience
  • Synaptic Plasticity

Background:

  • Acoustic cue representation involves brain regions beyond the auditory cortex (ACx).
  • The perirhinal cortex (PRh) is known to process sensory signals with mnemonic information.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine if the perirhinal cortex (PRh) receives auditory inputs from the auditory thalamus (MG) and ACx.
  • To characterize the synaptic properties of these auditory afferents in the PRh.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized an auditory thalamocortical brain slice preparation.
  • Electrically stimulated the MG and ACx, recording synaptic responses in PRh neurons.
  • Administered GABA-A receptor blockers and used in vivo fluoro ruby injections in the ACx.

Main Results:

  • Electrical stimulation of MG or ACx evoked synaptic responses in PRh neurons.
  • Blockade of GABA-A receptors significantly increased evoked excitatory potentials.
  • Auditory stimulation induced calcium transients in PRh neurons, and anterograde labeling confirmed ACx projections to PRh.

Conclusions:

  • The perirhinal cortex (PRh) integrates auditory information from both the MG and ACx.
  • Auditory-driven inhibition is the dominant feature of postsynaptic responses in the PRh, a region downstream of the ACx.