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Affect of Early Life Oxygen Exposure on Proper Lung Development and Response to Respiratory Viral Infections

William Domm1, Ravi S Misra2, Michael A O'Reilly1

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Rochester , Rochester, NY , USA ; Department of Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Rochester , Rochester, NY , USA.

Frontiers in Medicine
|September 1, 2015
PubMed

Insights

Premature birth may impair infant lung and immune development due to early oxygen exposure. Further research is needed to understand this link and develop therapies for affected children.

Area of Science:

  • Neonatal physiology
  • Respiratory medicine
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Preterm infants often have reduced lung function and heightened susceptibility to respiratory viruses.
  • Premature birth may disrupt lung and immune system development due to the neonatal oxygen transition before full maturation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review literature on how the oxygen environment at birth impacts lung development and host defense in preterm infants.
  • To stimulate research for better understanding and potential therapies for diseases linked to premature birth.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of current research on neonatal oxygen exposure and its effects on infant respiratory and immune development.

Main Results:

  • Premature birth compromises respiratory epithelium and innate immune defenses.
  • Early oxygen exposure may disrupt the development of both pulmonary structures and innate immunity.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the influence of the birth oxygen environment is crucial for identifying at-risk infants.
  • This knowledge can guide the development of novel therapies to improve health outcomes for preterm infants.

Keywords:
hyperoxiainfluenza A virusinnate immunitylung developmentprematurity

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