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Depth-Resolved Multispectral Sub-Surface Imaging Using Multifunctional Upconversion Phosphors with Paramagnetic
Zaven Ovanesyan1, L Christopher Mimun1, Gangadharan Ajith Kumar1
1Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Texas at San Antonio , San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States.
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
|September 1, 2015
Summary
This study introduces novel upconversion materials for subsurface near-infrared imaging, enabling accurate depth recovery of embedded materials for surgical guidance. These phosphors show potential for in vivo imaging with minimal toxicity.
Area of Science:
- Biomedical Engineering
- Materials Science
- Optical Imaging
Background:
- Molecular imaging is crucial for surgical guidance, necessitating improved imaging agents and data analysis.
- Current techniques face challenges in subsurface imaging and accurate depth determination within biological tissues.
Purpose of the Study:
- To introduce and evaluate novel upconversion materials for subsurface near-infrared imaging.
- To demonstrate depth recovery of materials embedded within biological tissues.
- To assess the potential of these materials for in vivo imaging and surgical guidance.
Main Methods:
- Utilized rare earth doped multifunctional phosphors for subsurface near-infrared imaging.
- Measured the ratio of emitted light at two different wavelengths to estimate material depth.
- Conducted in vitro toxicity tests and magnetic measurements.
- Performed confocal imaging of fibroblast cells.
Main Results:
- Established a significant correlation between analytical depth estimates and measured light emission ratios.
- Achieved depth-resolved imaging of materials within biological tissue samples.
- Demonstrated no significant toxicity in vitro.
- Confirmed suitability as magnetic resonance imaging agents.
- Showcased potential for in vivo imaging through cell imaging.
Conclusions:
- Upconversion materials enable depth-resolved subsurface near-infrared imaging.
- These phosphors are suitable for in vivo applications and magnetic resonance imaging.
- The developed technique offers significant implications for real-time intraoperative surgical guidance.
