Related Experiment Video
Updated: Apr 4, 2026

Quantification of Levator Ani Hiatus Enlargement by Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Males and Females with Pelvic Organ Prolapse
Published on: April 17, 2019
Relationship between BMI and three different devices used in urinary incontinence procedures and anatomical
Jorge Milhem Haddad1, Lilian Renata Fiorelli1, Tatiane de Lima Takami1
1Disciplina de Ginecologia, Departamento de Obstetrícia e Ginecologia, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Objective:
To demonstrate the needle positioning during three types of slings in relation to anatomical structures in fresh cadavers and to evaluate if this positioning is influenced by body mass index (BMI).
Methods:
TVTr sling (retropubic), TVT-O sling (transobturator) and mini-sling (TVT-Secur™) were performed in ten fresh cadavers, followed by dissection of the pudendal (genital) area (external evaluation) and abdominal cavity (internal evaluation). The distance between the devices used in each technique and specific anatomical structures (vessels and bowel) was measured.
Results:
The mean distance between TVTr needles and the closest segment of the bowel was 5.0±1.1cm. The mean distance between the TVTr needles and iliac vessels was 8.55±1.59cm, and this distance was inversely proportional to BMI. However, the both correlations were not significantly (p<0.05). The mean distance from TVT-O needle to obturator vessels and nerve was 2.25±0.34cm. This distance was inversely proportional to BMI, but it was not statistically significant.
Conclusion:
Our data suggested that BMI may be not an important factor for influencing the relationship between the devices and anatomical structures in three different slings in fresh cadavers.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
Anatomy of the Genitourinary System II: Bladder and Urethra
Nursing Assessment of the Genitourinary System II: Inspection and Palpation
Urinary Bladder
In males, the bladder is situated in front of the rectum, while in females, it is positioned anterior to the vagina and uterus. The bladder floor contains an inverted triangular area called the trigone, defined by the two ureteric...
Imaging Studies IV: Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Microbiota of the Urogenital Tract
Introduction to Urinary System
The kidneys are bean-shaped organs located in the retroperitoneal space, on either side of the vertebral column, between the T12 and L3 vertebrae. They are partially protected by the rib cage and surrounded by perirenal fat, which provides cushioning. They are responsible for urine formation and play critical roles in regulating blood pressure, electrolyte levels, and hormone production. The ureters...

