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Does test-enhanced learning transfer for triple associates?

Steven C Pan1, Carol M Wong1, Zachary E Potter1

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0109, USA.

Memory & Cognition
|September 2, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Testing improves learning of word triples, but transfer to new cues is minimal. Correct responses during testing may hinder further learning, suggesting comprehensive testing is most effective for triple associate learning.

Keywords:
Cued recallRetrieval practiceTest-enhanced learningTesting effectTransfer

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Educational Psychology

Background:

  • Test-enhanced learning, or learning through retrieval practice, is a robust phenomenon.
  • Prior research indicates positive transfer for paired associate learning, but less is known for triple associates.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess test-enhanced learning and transfer for triple-associate word stimuli.
  • To investigate the specificity of learning through testing for complex associative structures.

Main Methods:

  • Three experiments trained participants on triple associates using retrieval practice (testing with feedback) or restudy.
  • Performance was evaluated on final tests assessing trained and untrained cue combinations.
  • Variations included number of cue combinations trained and associative strength of triplets.

Main Results:

  • Testing significantly improved final-test performance compared to restudy, confirming test-enhanced learning.
  • Minimal or no positive transfer was observed to untrained cue combinations, unlike in paired associate learning.
  • Incorrect responses during training showed positive transfer, while correct responses showed no or negative transfer.

Conclusions:

  • Learning through testing is highly specific for triple associates, with limited transfer to different cue combinations.
  • Optimal learning of triple associates requires testing all possible stimulus-response combinations.
  • The effectiveness of test-enhanced learning is not diminished by training on multiple cue combinations.